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SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Followed by Vaccination Shifts Human Memory B-Cell Epitope Recognition, Suggesting Antibody Feedback

Bloom et al., The Journal of Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1093/infdis/jiae371
Jul 2024  
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22nd treatment shown to reduce risk in May 2021, now with p = 0.00036 from 21 studies, recognized in 7 countries. Efficacy is variant dependent.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 112 treatments. c19early.org
Analysis of 46 COVID-19 patients showing that bamlanivimab treatment altered epitope recognition by memory B cells, indicating antibody feedback. Bamlanivimab reduced the frequency and affinity of RBD-specific memory B cells compared to placebo at 24 weeks and after subsequent vaccination.
The results suggest that, while mAb treatment may provide immediate protection against the targeted virus, it may aso alter immune memory. Specifically, it may reduce memory B-cell responses to the exact viral epitope targeted by the antibody, which may result in a less robust immune response to the same virus or closely related variants.
Efficacy is highly variant dependent. In Vitro research suggests a lack of efficacy for omicron1-5.
Bloom et al., 22 Jul 2024, peer-reviewed, 27 authors. Contact: camila.coelho@mssm.edu, shane@lji.org.
This PaperBamlaniv../e..All
SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Followed by Vaccination Shifts Human Memory B-Cell Epitope Recognition, Suggesting Antibody Feedback
Nathaniel Bloom, Sydney I Ramirez, Hallie Cohn, Urvi M Parikh, Amy Heaps, Scott F Sieg, Alex Greninger, Justin Ritz, Carlee Moser, Joseph J Eron, Goran Bajic, Judith S Currier, Paul Klekotka, David A Wohl, Eric S Daar, Jonathan Li, Michael D Hughes, Kara W Chew, Davey M Smith, PhD Shane Crotty, PhD Camila H Coelho, Lara Hosey, Jhoanna Roa, Nilam Patel, Bill Erhardt, Stacey Adams
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1093/infdis/jiae371
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been studied in humans, but the impact on immune memory of mAb treatment during an ongoing infection remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of infusion of the anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) mAb bamlanivimab on memory B cells (MBCs) in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. Bamlanivimab treatment skewed the repertoire of MBCs targeting spike toward non-RBD epitopes. Furthermore, the relative affinity of RBD MBCs was weaker in mAb-treated individuals compared to placebo-treated individuals over time. Subsequently, after mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination, MBC differences persisted and mapped to a specific reduction in recognition of the class II RBD site, the same RBD epitope recognized by bamlanivimab. These findings indicate a substantial role of antibody feedback in regulating MBC responses to infection, and single mAb administration can continue to impact MBC responses to additional antigen exposures months later.
MBC Specificities We assessed the impact of mAb treatment on MBCs in greater detail by examining RBD MBC epitope specificity. SARS-CoV-2 RBD and spike antibody epitopes have been extensively characterized [27] [28] [29] [30] . We designed RBD epitope probe constructs by incorporating point mutations disrupting Supplementary Data Supplementary materials are available at The Journal of Infectious Diseases online ( http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/ ). Supplementary materials consist of data provided by the author that are published to benefit the reader. The posted materials are not copyedited. The contents of all supplementary data ipants, site staff, site investigators, members of the ACTIV-2/ A5401 Study Team, the ACTIV-
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'journal-title': 'Cell Host Microbe'}, { 'key': '2024111514553793800_jiae371-B22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '847', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.015', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces immunological T cell memory able to ' 'cross-recognize variants from Alpha to Omicron', 'volume': '185', 'author': 'Tarke', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Cell'}, { 'key': '2024111514553793800_jiae371-B23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1906', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41564-022-01254-1', 'article-title': 'Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 escape mutations during bamlanivimab therapy in ' 'a phase II randomized clinical trial', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Choudhary', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Nat Microbiol'}, { 'author': 'Ramirez', 'key': '2024111514553793800_jiae371-B24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1101/2023.10.25.564014'}, { 'key': '2024111514553793800_jiae371-B25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '109823', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109823', 'article-title': 'High-affinity memory B cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection produce ' 'more plasmablasts and atypical memory B cells than those primed by mRNA ' 'vaccines', 'volume': '37', 'author': 'Pape', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Cell Rep'}, { 'key': '2024111514553793800_jiae371-B26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1135', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.019', 'article-title': 'Naïve B cells with high-avidity germline-encoded antigen receptors ' 'produce persistent IgM+ and transient IgG+ memory B cells', 'volume': '48', 'author': 'Pape', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Immunity'}, { 'key': '2024111514553793800_jiae371-B27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '643', 'DOI': '10.1126/science.abc5902', 'article-title': 'Potent neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients define multiple ' 'targets of vulnerability', 'volume': '369', 'author': 'Brouwer', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Science'}, { 'key': '2024111514553793800_jiae371-B28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '472', 'DOI': '10.1126/science.abh2315', 'article-title': 'Defining variant-resistant epitopes targeted by SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: ' 'a global consortium study', 'volume': '374', 'author': 'Hastie', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Science'}, { 'key': '2024111514553793800_jiae371-B29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2419', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.immuni.2022.10.019', 'article-title': 'Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies elicited by mosaic RBD nanoparticles ' 'bind conserved sarbecovirus epitopes', 'volume': '55', 'author': 'Fan', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Immunity'}, { 'key': '2024111514553793800_jiae371-B30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '437', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41586-020-2456-9', 'article-title': 'Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent individuals', 'volume': '584', 'author': 'Robbiani', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nature'}, { 'key': '2024111514553793800_jiae371-B31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '463', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.chom.2021.02.003', 'article-title': 'Comprehensive mapping of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding ' 'domain that affect recognition by polyclonal human plasma antibodies', 'volume': '29', 'author': 'Greaney', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Cell Host Microbe'}, { 'key': '2024111514553793800_jiae371-B32', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'veac021', 'DOI': '10.1093/ve/veac021', 'article-title': 'An antibody-escape estimator for mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 ' 'receptor-binding domain', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Greaney', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Virus Evol'}, { 'key': '2024111514553793800_jiae371-B33', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '616', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41586-021-03324-6', 'article-title': 'mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and circulating variants', 'volume': '592', 'author': 'Wang', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Nature'}, { 'key': '2024111514553793800_jiae371-B34', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '112621', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112621', 'article-title': 'Structural changes in the SARS-CoV-2 spike E406W mutant escaping a ' 'clinical monoclonal antibody cocktail', 'volume': '42', 'author': 'Addetia', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Cell Rep'}, { 'key': '2024111514553793800_jiae371-B35', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1270', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41587-022-01232-2', 'article-title': 'Efficient discovery of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies via B cell ' 'receptor sequencing and ligand blocking', 'volume': '40', 'author': 'Shiakolas', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Nat Biotechnol'}, { 'key': '2024111514553793800_jiae371-B36', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '100255', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100255', 'article-title': 'Complete map of SARS-CoV-2 RBD mutations that escape the monoclonal ' 'antibody LY-CoV555 and its cocktail with LY-CoV016', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Starr', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Cell Rep Med'}, { 'key': '2024111514553793800_jiae371-B37', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1025', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.018', 'article-title': 'Immune imprinting, breadth of variant recognition, and germinal center ' 'response in human SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination', 'volume': '185', 'author': 'Röltgen', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Cell'}, { 'key': '2024111514553793800_jiae371-B38', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '105202', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.isci.2022.105202', 'article-title': 'Asymptomatic or symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection plus vaccination ' 'confers increased adaptive immunity to variants of concern', 'volume': '25', 'author': 'Sun', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'iScience'}, { 'key': '2024111514553793800_jiae371-B39', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2434', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.022', 'article-title': 'Humoral and cellular immune memory to four COVID-19 vaccines', 'volume': '185', 'author': 'Zhang', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Cell'}], 'container-title': 'The Journal of Infectious Diseases', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiae371/58689853/jiae371.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'am', 'intended-application': 'syndication'}, { 'URL': 'https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-pdf/230/5/1187/60683867/jiae371.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'syndication'}, { 'URL': 'https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-pdf/230/5/1187/60683867/jiae371.pdf', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 11, 15]], 'date-time': '2024-11-15T14:56:16Z', 'timestamp': 1731682576000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/230/5/1187/7717844'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 22]]}, 'references-count': 39, 'journal-issue': { 'issue': '5', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 22]]}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2024, 11, 15]]}}, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae371', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['0022-1899', '1537-6613'], 'subject': [], 'published-other': {'date-parts': [[2024, 11, 15]]}, 'published': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 22]]}}
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Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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