The Effect of Weekly 50,000 IU Vitamin D3 Supplements on the Serum Levels of Selected Cytokines Involved in Cytokine Storm: A Randomized Clinical Trial in Adults with Vitamin D Deficiency

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.3390/nu15051188", "ISSN": [ "2072-6643" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15051188", "abstract": "<jats:p>This research aimed to evaluate the effects of high-dose cholecalciferol (VD3) supplements (50,000 IU/week) on selected circulating cytokines associated with cytokine storms in adults with vitamin D deficiency. This clinical trial, based in Jordan, included 50 participants receiving vitamin D3 supplements (50,000 IU/week) for 8 weeks; the exact number was assigned to the control group. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α), and leptin were measured in serum at baseline and 10 weeks (wash out: 2 weeks). Our results revealed that vitamin D3 supplementation significantly increased the serum levels of 25OHD, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and leptin compared with baseline. In contrast, the serum level of TNF-α insignificantly increased in the group receiving vitamin D3 supplementation. Although the observations of this trial may refer to a potential negative effect of VD3 supplementation during cytokine storms, further trials are required to clarify the potential benefits of VD3 supplement during cytokine storms.</jats:p>", "alternative-id": [ "nu15051188" ], "author": [ { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan" } ], "family": "Bader", "given": "Dana A.", "sequence": "first" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2828-1011", "affiliation": [ { "name": "Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 11931, Jordan" } ], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Abed", "given": "Anas", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7568-5441", "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia" } ], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Mohammad", "given": "Beisan A.", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan" } ], "family": "Aljaberi", "given": "Ahmad", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan" } ], "family": "Sundookah", "given": "Ahmad", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Michael Sayegh, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba 77110, Jordan" } ], "family": "Habash", "given": "Maha", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1324-7884", "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan" } ], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Alsayed", "given": "Ahmad R.", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7832-1184", "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department Surgery, School of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt 19117, Jordan" }, { "name": "Amman Eye Clinic, Amman 11931, Jordan" } ], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Abusamak", "given": "Mohammad", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Michael Sayegh, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba 77110, Jordan" } ], "family": "Al-Shakhshir", "given": "Sami", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan" } ], "family": "Abu-Samak", "given": "Mahmoud", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "Nutrients", "container-title-short": "Nutrients", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 2, 27 ] ], "date-time": "2023-02-27T08:29:48Z", "timestamp": 1677486588000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 2, 27 ] ], "date-time": "2023-02-27T09:09:15Z", "timestamp": 1677488955000 }, "funder": [ { "name": "ASU" }, { "name": "Amman" }, { "name": "Jordan" } ], "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 2, 28 ] ], "date-time": "2023-02-28T05:40:00Z", "timestamp": 1677562800477 }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issue": "5", "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 2, 27 ] ] }, "journal-issue": { "issue": "5", "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 3 ] ] } }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "content-version": "vor", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 2, 27 ] ], "date-time": "2023-02-27T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1677456000000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/5/1188/pdf", "content-type": "unspecified", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "1968", "original-title": [], "page": "1188", "prefix": "10.3390", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 2, 27 ] ] }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 2, 27 ] ] }, "publisher": "MDPI AG", "reference": [ { "DOI": "10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102567", "article-title": "Should we stimulate or suppress immune responses in COVID-19? 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