The Effect of Weekly 50,000 IU Vitamin D3 Supplements on the Serum Levels of Selected Cytokines Involved in Cytokine Storm: A Randomized Clinical Trial in Adults with Vitamin D Deficiency
Bader et al.,
The Effect of Weekly 50,000 IU Vitamin D3 Supplements on the Serum Levels of Selected Cytokines Involved in..,
Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu15051188
RCT 100 patients in Jordan, showing that high-dose cholecalciferol (50,000 IU/week) significantly increased IL-6, indicating that high weekly doses could have a negative effect for cytokine storm with COVID-19. Other studies have found no significant difference in IL-6
[El Hajj, Mousa].
Bader et al., 27 Feb 2023, Jordan, peer-reviewed, 10 authors, study period October 2020 - December 2020.
Contact:
m_abusamak@asu.edu.jo (corresponding author).
Abstract: nutrients
Article
The Effect of Weekly 50,000 IU Vitamin D3 Supplements on the
Serum Levels of Selected Cytokines Involved in Cytokine
Storm: A Randomized Clinical Trial in Adults with
Vitamin D Deficiency
Dana A. Bader 1 , Anas Abed 2 , Beisan A. Mohammad 3 , Ahmad Aljaberi 4 , Ahmad Sundookah 5 ,
Maha Habash 6 , Ahmad R. Alsayed 1 , Mohammad Abusamak 7,8 , Sami Al-Shakhshir 6
and Mahmoud Abu-Samak 1, *
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
*
Citation: Bader, D.A.; Abed, A.;
Mohammad, B.A.; Aljaberi, A.;
Sundookah, A.; Habash, M.; Alsayed,
A.R.; Abusamak, M.; Al-Shakhshir, S.;
Abu-Samak, M. The Effect of Weekly
50,000 IU Vitamin D3 Supplements
on the Serum Levels of Selected
Cytokines Involved in Cytokine
Storm: A Randomized Clinical Trial
in Adults with Vitamin D Deficiency.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University,
Amman 11931, Jordan
Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University,
Amman 11931, Jordan
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Applied Science Private University,
Amman 11931, Jordan
Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
Michael Sayegh, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba 77110, Jordan
Department Surgery, School of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt 19117, Jordan
Amman Eye Clinic, Amman 11931, Jordan
Correspondence: m_abusamak@asu.edu.jo
Abstract: This research aimed to evaluate the effects of high-dose cholecalciferol (VD3 ) supplements
(50,000 IU/week) on selected circulating cytokines associated with cytokine storms in adults with
vitamin D deficiency. This clinical trial, based in Jordan, included 50 participants receiving vitamin
D3 supplements (50,000 IU/week) for 8 weeks; the exact number was assigned to the control group.
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α),
and leptin were measured in serum at baseline and 10 weeks (wash out: 2 weeks). Our results
revealed that vitamin D3 supplementation significantly increased the serum levels of 25OHD, IL-6,
IL-10, IL-1β, and leptin compared with baseline. In contrast, the serum level of TNF-α insignificantly
increased in the group receiving vitamin D3 supplementation. Although the observations of this trial
may refer to a potential negative effect of VD3 supplementation during cytokine storms, further trials
are required to clarify the potential benefits of VD3 supplement during cytokine storms.
Nutrients 2023, 15, 1188. https://
doi.org/10.3390/nu15051188
Academic Editor: Lucia Malaguarnera
Keywords: vitamin D deficiency; vitamin D3 ; cytokine; storm; interleukin 6; interleukin 10; interleukin
1β; TNF-α
Received: 6 February 2023
Revised: 23 February 2023
Accepted: 24 February 2023
Published: 27 February 2023
Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
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