Supplementary Data — Artemisinin reduces COVID-19 risk: real-time meta analysis of 3 studies

@CovidAnalysis, December 2025, Version 1V1
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ ARTI-19 Trieu (RCT) 52% 0.48 [0.22-1.06] no recov. 8/39 9/21 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Chandiwana (RCT) -152% 2.52 [0.11-60.5] hosp. 1/75 0/39 CT​1​ Chandiwana (RCT) 29% 0.71 [0.17-3.04] progression 39 (n) 39 (n) CT​1​ Chandiwana (RCT) -31% 1.31 [0.29-5.59] progression 39 (n) 39 (n) CT​1​ Chandiwana (RCT) 71% 0.29 [0.04-2.06] progression 36 (n) 39 (n) CT​1​ Chandiwana (RCT) 27% 0.73 [0.51-1.06] recov. time 39 (n) 39 (n) CT​1​ Chandiwana (RCT) 22% 0.78 [0.46-1.30] recov. time 39 (n) 39 (n) CT​1​ Chandiwana (RCT) 31% 0.69 [0.41-1.18] recov. time 36 (n) 39 (n) CT​1​ Chandiwana (RCT) -1% 1.01 [0.95-1.08] viral load 39 (n) 37 (n) CT​1​ Chandiwana (RCT) -5% 1.05 [1.01-1.09] viral load 39 (n) 37 (n) CT​1​ Chandiwana (RCT) 2% 0.98 [0.94-1.01] viral load 36 (n) 37 (n) CT​1​ Chandiwana (RCT) -34% 1.34 [0.87-2.07] viral+ 39 (n) 38 (n) CT​1​ Chandiwana (RCT) -25% 1.25 [0.68-2.27] viral+ 24/39 25/38 CT​1​ Chandiwana (RCT) -45% 1.45 [0.78-2.70] viral+ 23/33 25/38 CT​1​ Lin 31% 0.69 [0.50-0.95] recov. time 18 (n) 25 (n) Lin 28% 0.72 [0.52-0.99] recov. time 18 (n) 25 (n) Lin 17% 0.83 [0.70-0.99] recov. time 18 (n) 25 (n) Lin 8% 0.92 [0.80-1.05] hosp. time 18 (n) 25 (n) Lin 29% 0.71 [0.50-1.01] viral time 18 (n) 25 (n) Artemisinin COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org December 2025 ​1​ CT: study uses combined treatment Favors artemisinin Favors control
Fig. S1. All outcomes.
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Fig. S2. Comparison of results for RCTs versus observational studies. For COVID-19 treatments, there is no significant difference between the results of RCTs and observational studies. Observational studies do not systematically over or underestimate efficacy. For high-cost treatments, there is a non-significant trend towards RCTs showing greater efficacy.