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Associations between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and COVID-19 Outcomes in the UK Biobank Cohort

Zhao et al., SSRN Electronic Journal, doi:10.2139/ssrn.4300209
Dec 2022  
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Mortality, E-DII 24% Improvement Relative Risk Mortality, DII 30% Severe case, E-DII 28% Severe case, DII 29% Case, E-DII 15% Case, DII 9% Diet for COVID-19  Zhao et al.  Prophylaxis Is a healthy diet beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 196,154 patients in the United Kingdom (Jan 2020 - Mar 2021) Lower severe cases (p=0.00034) and fewer cases (p<0.0001) c19early.org Zhao et al., SSRN Electronic J., December 2022 Favorshealthy diet Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
Diet for COVID-19
23rd treatment shown to reduce risk in June 2021, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 28 studies.
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5,000+ studies for 104 treatments. c19early.org
UK Biobank retrospective 196,154 participants with 11,288 COVID-19 cases, showing lower COVID-19 mortality, severity, and incidence for lower dietary inflammatory scores.
risk of death, 24.2% lower, RR 0.76, p = 0.13, higher quality diet 39,230, lower quality diet 39,231, adjusted per study, inverted to make RR<1 favor higher quality diet, E-DII, quintile 1 vs. quintile 5, multivariable, model 4.
risk of death, 30.1% lower, RR 0.70, p = 0.04, higher quality diet 39,230, lower quality diet 39,231, adjusted per study, inverted to make RR<1 favor higher quality diet, DII, quintile 1 vs. quintile 5, multivariable, model 4.
risk of severe case, 28.1% lower, RR 0.72, p < 0.001, higher quality diet 39,230, lower quality diet 39,231, adjusted per study, inverted to make RR<1 favor higher quality diet, E-DII, quintile 1 vs. quintile 5, multivariable, model 4.
risk of severe case, 28.6% lower, RR 0.71, p < 0.001, higher quality diet 39,230, lower quality diet 39,231, adjusted per study, inverted to make RR<1 favor higher quality diet, DII, quintile 1 vs. quintile 5, multivariable, model 4.
risk of case, 14.5% lower, RR 0.85, p < 0.001, higher quality diet 39,230, lower quality diet 39,231, adjusted per study, inverted to make RR<1 favor higher quality diet, E-DII, quintile 1 vs. quintile 5, multivariable, model 4.
risk of case, 9.1% lower, RR 0.91, p = 0.002, higher quality diet 39,230, lower quality diet 39,231, adjusted per study, inverted to make RR<1 favor higher quality diet, DII, quintile 1 vs. quintile 5, multivariable, model 4.
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Zhao et al., 14 Dec 2022, retrospective, United Kingdom, peer-reviewed, survey, 9 authors, study period January 2020 - March 2021. Contact: jhebert@mailbox.sc.edu.
This PaperDietAll
Associations between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and COVID-19 outcomes in the
Biobank Uk, Cohort, MSc Longgang Zhao, PhD Michael D Wirth, PhD Fanny Petermann-Rocha, PhD Solange Parra-Soto, PhD John C Mathers, PhD Jill P Pell, PhD Frederick K Ho, PhD Carlos A Celis-Morales, ScD James R Hébert
Government officers or employees acting as part of their official duties; on a worldwide, perpetual, irrevocable, royalty-free basis to BMJ Publishing Group Ltd ("BMJ") its licensees. Research in context Evidence before this study We conducted a systematic search of the National Library of Medicine for articles on associations between diet and COVID-19 risk. We found that a limited number of studies have evaluated the role of specific food groups in the onset and progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 symptoms. However, evidence on associations between dietary patterns or indexes, treating diet as a whole, is rare. Generally small studies have indicated that a healthy anti-inflammatory diet is associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 infection. However, there are no prospective data from sufficiently large cohorts to provide robust evidence on the effect of dietary inflammatory potential on the risk of COVID-19 incidence, disease severity, or mortality.
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Ethical approval: Not required. This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed. Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4300209 P r e p r i n t n o t p e e r r e v i e w e d 22/24 This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed. Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4300209 P r e p r i n t n o t p e e r r e v i e w e d This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed. Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4300209 P r e p r i n t n o t p e e r r e v i e w e d
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