0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RENAISSANCE Cegolon 32% 0.68 [0.46-1.01] viral+ 21/50 36/58 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.045 Late treatment 32% 0.68 [0.46-1.01] 21/50 36/58 32% lower risk All studies 32% 0.68 [0.46-1.01] 21/50 36/58 32% lower risk 1 xylitol COVID-19 study c19early.org July 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.045 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors xylitol Favors control
Aug 31
2023
 Tran et al., In Vivo, doi:10.21873/invivo.13313 A Prospective Study of AFree Oral Spray as an Adjuvant Therapy for Mild and Moderate COVID-19 in Community Health Stations: Clinical Progression and Viral Clearance Outcomes
RCT 1,252 mild/moderate COVID-19 patients Vietnam, showing faster recovery and faster viral clearance with an oral spray containing zinc, propolis, xylitol, ginger, and DMSO. 5-10 times per day.
Jun 27
2023
 Tran et al., In Vivo, doi:10.21873/invivo.13262 Therapeutic Efficacy of AFree Oral Spray on the Symptoms and Course of Moderate and Severe COVID-19 in the Field Hospital
84% improved recovery (p<0.0001) and 78% improved viral clearance (p=0.06). RCT 200 hospitalized patients in Vietnam, showing faster recovery with an oral spray containing zinc, propolis, xylitol, ginger, and DMSO.
Nov 18
2022
 Cegolon et al., Pharmaceutics, doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14112502 Early Negativization of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Nasal Spray of Seawater plus Additives: The RENAISSANCE Open-Label Controlled Clinical Trial
32% improved viral clearance (p=0.05). 108 patient prospective study showing improved viral clearance with Panthexyl nasal spray (a sterile hypertonic solution containing seawater, xylitol, panthenol and lactic acid).
Jul 25
2022
 Balmforth et al., Journal of Clinical Virology, doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105248 RETRACTED: Evaluating the efficacy and safety of a novel prophylactic nasal spray in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multi-centre, double blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial.
This study was retracted.
Dec 21
2020
 Cannon et al., bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.12.02.408575 In Vitro Analysis of the Anti-viral Potential of nasal spray constituents against SARS-CoV-2
In vitro study showing that a nasal spray with xylitol and grapefruit seed extract inhibited SARS-CoV-2.
Nov 3
2020
 Go et al., Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.11315 Potential Role of Xylitol Plus Grapefruit Seed Extract Nasal Spray Solution in COVID-19: Case Series
Case study of three patients suggesting faster clinical improvement and shorter time to viral clearance with a nasal spray containing xylitol and grapefruit seed extract.
Aug 21
2020
 Bansal et al., PLoS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259943 (date from preprint) Iota-carrageenan and xylitol inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cell culture
In vitro study showing that iota-carrageenan in concentrations as low as 6 µg/mL (easily achievable with existing nasal sprays) inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cell cultures. Improved inhibition was seen when combined with xylitol, and inhibi..