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Association of fruits, vegetables, and fiber intake with COVID-19 severity and symptoms in hospitalized patients: A cross-sectional study

Tadbir Vajargah et al., Frontiers in Nutrition, doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.934568
Sep 2022  
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Severe case, vegetables 67% Improvement Relative Risk Severe case, fruit 72% Severe case, fiber 75% Diet for COVID-19  Tadbir Vajargah et al.  Prophylaxis Is a healthy diet beneficial for COVID-19? Prospective study of 166 patients in Iran (June - September 2021) Lower severe cases with healthier diets (p=0.003) c19early.org Tadbir Vajargah et al., Frontiers in N.., Sep 2022 Favorshealthy diet Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
Diet for COVID-19
23rd treatment shown to reduce risk in June 2021, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 29 studies.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 110 treatments. c19early.org
Retrospective 250 hospitalized patients in Iran, showing higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, and fiber associated with lower COVID-19 severity.
risk of severe case, 67.0% lower, OR 0.33, p = 0.003, higher quality diet 83, lower quality diet 83, vegetables, highest vs. lowest tertile, RR approximated with OR.
risk of severe case, 72.0% lower, OR 0.28, p < 0.001, higher quality diet 83, lower quality diet 83, fruit, highest vs. lowest tertile, RR approximated with OR.
risk of severe case, 75.0% lower, OR 0.25, p < 0.001, higher quality diet 83, lower quality diet 83, fiber, highest vs. lowest tertile, RR approximated with OR.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Tadbir Vajargah et al., 29 Sep 2022, prospective, Iran, peer-reviewed, survey, mean age 44.2, 11 authors, study period June 2021 - September 2021. Contact: amkhv@yahoo.com.
This PaperDietAll
Association of fruits, vegetables, and fiber intake with COVIDseverity and symptoms in hospitalized patients: A cross-sectional study
Tilakavati Karupaiah, Gloria Olaso-Gonzalez, Moncef Feki, Zargarzadeh, Ebrahimzadeh, Mousavi, Mobasheran, Mokhtari, Rahban, Gȃman Tadbir Vajargah, Mobasheran P, Mokhtari P, Rahban H, Gȃman Mousavi Sm, Akhgarjand, Taghizadeh Milajerdi This, Kiana Tadbir Vajargah, Nikan Zargarzadeh, Seyed Armin Ebrahimzadeh, Mohammad Mousavi, Parnia Mobasheran, Pari Mokhtari, Habib Rahban, Mihnea-Alexandru Gȃman, Camellia Akhgarjand, Mohsen Taghizadeh, Alireza Milajerdi
Background and aims: Fruits and vegetables are rich in fiber and a good source of anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. We investigated the association between fruits, vegetables, and fiber intake and severity of COVID-and related symptoms in hospitalized patients. Methods: A total of COVID-hospitalized patients aged to years were recruited for this cross-sectional study in Kashan, Iran, between June and September of . Dietary intakes were assessed using an online validated -item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). COVIDseverity and symptoms were evaluated using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-Treatment Guidelines. Moreover, we examined COVIDsymptoms, inflammatory biomarkers, and additional factors. Results: The mean age of participants was . ± . years, and % had severe COVID-. Patients with higher consumption of fruits (OR: . ; % CI: . -. , P-trend < . ), vegetables (OR: . ; % CI: . -. , P-trend < . ), and dietary fiber (OR: . ; % CI: . -. , P-trend < . ) had lower odds of having severe COVID-. In addition, they had shorter hospitalization and convalescence periods, lower serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and a reduced risk of developing COVID-symptoms such as sore throat, nausea and vomiting, dyspnea, myalgia, cough, weakness, fever, and chills.
Ethics statement The Ethics Committee of Kashan University of Medical Sciences reviewed and authorized studies involving human participants. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. Author contributions AM and MT conceived, designed, and supervised the study. AE and CA contributed to data collection. KT, NZ, SM, and M-AG performed statistical analyses, data interpretation, and drafting of the manuscript. PMob, PMok, and HR contributed to the manuscript drafting and editing. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. Conflict of interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Publisher's note All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
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We investigated the association between fruits, vegetables, and fiber intake ' 'and severity of COVID-19 and related symptoms in hospitalized ' 'patients.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>A total of 250 ' 'COVID-19 hospitalized patients aged 18 to 65 years were recruited for this cross-sectional ' 'study in Kashan, Iran, between June and September of 2021. Dietary intakes were assessed ' 'using an online validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). COVID-19 severity and ' 'symptoms were evaluated using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 Treatment ' 'Guidelines. Moreover, we examined COVID-19 symptoms, inflammatory biomarkers, and additional ' 'factors.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The mean age of ' 'participants was 44.2 ± 12.1 years, and 46% had severe COVID-19. Patients with higher ' 'consumption of fruits (OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.14-0.58, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic>-trend ' '&amp;lt;0.001), vegetables (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.16-0.69, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic>-trend ' '&amp;lt;0.001), and dietary fiber (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.12-0.53, ' '<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>-trend &amp;lt;0.001) had lower odds of having severe COVID-19. ' 'In addition, they had shorter hospitalization and convalescence periods, lower serum ' 'C-reactive protein (CRP), and a reduced risk of developing COVID-19 symptoms such as sore ' 'throat, nausea and vomiting, dyspnea, myalgia, cough, weakness, fever, and ' 'chills.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Higher ' 'consumption of fruits, vegetables, and fiber was inversely linked with COVID-19 severity, ' 'clinical symptoms, hospitalization and convalescence duration, and CRP concentrations. 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Nutr.', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2022, 9, 29]]}}
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Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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