Discovery and mechanistic insights of dibenzoylmethane as a broad spectrum inhibitor of coronavirus
Yuan Sun, Xiaoyang Shu, Lu Chen, Weijuan Shang, Yumin Zhang, Gengfu Xiao, Leike Zhang
PLOS Pathogens, doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1013492
Coronavirus, a large family of positive-sense RNA viruses, are responsible for both mild and severe respiratory illnesses, ranging from the common cold to life-threatening conditions. Despite significant advances in vaccine and antiviral development, the high mutability of human coronaviruses (HCoVs), such as SARS-CoV-2, presents a major challenge in treating these infections. Effective, broad-spectrum antiviral drugs are urgently needed to address both current and future HCoV outbreaks. Here, we conducted high-throughput screening of a natural product library containing 3407 compounds to identify potential antiviral agents against HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E. We identified several natural products with inhibitory effects on HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, and the SARS-CoV-2 variants Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (BA.5) in vitro without evident cytotoxicity. Among these, dibenzoylmethane (DBM) not only demonstrated broad-spectrum anticoronavirus activity in vitro but also effectively inhibited HCoV-OC43 replication in a BALB/c mouse model. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that DBM, when administered orally, maintained effective concentrations in the blood over an extended period, suggesting its suitability for oral administration. Mechanistically, DBM was found to regulate caspase-6, a host factor that suppresses interferon signalling and promotes HCoV replication. These findings highlight DBM as a promising candidate for the development of therapeutics targeting HCoVs, offering potential for treating infections by both established and emerging HCoVs.
References
Chen, Yang, Si, Gong, Que et al., A bat MERS-like coronavirus circulates in pangolins and utilizes human DPP4 and host proteases for cell entry, Cell,
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.019Cong, Guo, Tang, Lin, Zhang et al., Metabolism Study of Veratramine Associated with Neurotoxicity by Using HPLC-MSn, J Chromatogr Sci,
doi:10.1093/chromsci/bmu171Da Veiga, Martins, Riediger, Mazetto, Debur et al., More than just a common cold: Endemic coronaviruses OC43, HKU1, NL63, and 229E associated with severe acute respiratory infection and fatality cases among healthy adults, J Med Virol,
doi:10.1002/jmv.26362Deng, Yu, Xiao, Zhang, Knocking down macrophages Caspase-6 through HMGB1 coordinates macrophage trophoblast crosstalk to suppress ferroptosis and alleviate preeclampsia, Int Immunopharmacol,
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112859Du, Duan, Wang, Na, Wang, Attenuation of Equine Lentivirus Alters Mitochondrial Protein Expression Profile from Inflammation to Apoptosis, J Virol,
doi:10.1128/JVI.00653-19Ehrnhoefer, Skotte, Reinshagen, Qiu, Windshügel et al., Activation of Caspase-6 Is Promoted by a Mutant Huntingtin Fragment and Blocked by an Allosteric Inhibitor Compound, Cell Chem Biol,
doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.07.001Flores, Noël, Fillion, Leblanc, Therapeutic potential of Nlrp1 inflammasome, Caspase-1, or Caspase-6 against Alzheimer disease cognitive impairment, Cell Death Differ,
doi:10.1038/s41418-021-00881-1Gambacorti-Passerini, Barni, Le Coutre, Zucchetti, Cabrita et al., Role of alpha1 acid glycoprotein in the in vivo resistance of human BCR-ABL(+) leukemic cells to the abl inhibitor STI571, J Natl Cancer Inst,
doi:10.1093/jnci/92.20.1641Kim, Kim, Park, Kim, Choi et al., Safe, high-throughput screening of natural compounds of MERS-CoV entry inhibitors using a pseudovirus expressing MERS-CoV spike protein, Int J Antimicrob Agents,
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.05.003Kumari, Lu, Li, Huang, Hsu et al., A critical overview of current progress for COVID-19: development of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and therapeutic antibodies, Journal of Biomedical Science,
doi:10.1186/s12929-022-00852-9Larragoite, Nell, Martins, Barrows, Planelles et al., Histone deacetylase inhibition reduces deleterious cytokine release induced by ingenol stimulation, Biochem Pharmacol,
doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114844Leng, Xu, Hong, Zhao, Tian et al., Cepharanthine analogs mining and genomes of Stephania accelerate anti-coronavirus drug discovery, Nat Commun,
doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45690-5Lim, Lee, Choi, Lee, Kim et al., Inhibition of airway inflammation by the roots of Angelica decursiva and its constituent, columbianadin, J Ethnopharmacol,
doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.033Lin, Lu, Lou, Ho, Newmark et al., Inhibition by dietary dibenzoylmethane of mammary gland proliferation, formation of DMBA-DNA adducts in mammary glands, and mammary tumorigenesis in Sencar mice, Cancer Lett,
doi:10.1016/s0304-3835(01)00506-7Lung, Lin, Yang, Chou, Shu et al., The potential chemical structure of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, J Med Virol,
doi:10.1002/jmv.25761Menachery, Yount, Jr, Debbink, Agnihothram et al., A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence, Nat Med,
doi:10.1038/nm.3985Mosher, Fulkerson, Boyle, Chesnokova, Cieply et al., Human Cytomegalovirus Manipulates Syntaxin 6 for Successful Trafficking and Subsequent Infection of Monocytes, J Virol,
doi:10.1128/jvi.00819-22Nascimento, De, Baeta, De França, Rocha et al., Dibenzoylmethane derivative inhibits melanoma cancer in vitro and in vivo through induction of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, Chem Biol Interact,
doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109734Niu, Shen, Huang, Ye, Zhao et al., Non-invasive bioluminescence imaging of HCoV-OC43 infection and therapy in the central nervous system of live mice, Antiviral Res,
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104646Oh, Santiago, Manjunath, Li, Bouin et al., A CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening identifies IRF2 as a key driver of OAS3/RNase L-mediated RNA decay during viral infection, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
doi:10.1073/pnas.2412725121Qu, Evans, Faraone, Zheng, Carlin et al., Enhanced neutralization resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BQ.1, Cell Host Microbe,
doi:10.1016/j.chom.2022.11.012Shen, Khor, Hu, Yu, Nair et al., Chemoprevention of familial adenomatous polyposis by natural dietary compounds sulforaphane and dibenzoylmethane alone and in combination in ApcMin/+ mouse, Cancer Res,
doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1112Su, Yao, Zhao, Li, Liu et al., Anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities in vitro of Shuanghuanglian preparations and bioactive ingredients, Acta Pharmacol Sin,
doi:10.1038/s41401-020-0483-6Szabó, Crowe, Mamotte, Strappe, Natural products as a source of Coronavirus entry inhibitors, Front Cell Infect Microbiol,
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2024.1353971Valian, Pourakbari, Ashari, Sadeghi, Mahmoudi, Evaluation of human coronavirus OC43 and SARS-COV-2 in children with respiratory tract infection during the COVID-19 pandemic, J Med Virol,
doi:10.1002/jmv.27460Von Delft, Hall, Kwong, Purcell, Saikatendu et al., Accelerating antiviral drug discovery: lessons from COVID-19, Nat Rev Drug Discov,
doi:10.1038/s41573-023-00692-8Yang, Cheng, Zhuang, Xu, Wang et al., Pharmacogenomic profiling of intra-tumor heterogeneity using a large organoid biobank of liver cancer, Cancer Cell,
doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2024.03.004Yang, Xiang, Sun, Ji, Ren et al., Host MOV10 is induced to restrict herpes simplex virus 1 lytic infection by promoting type I interferon response, PLoS Pathog,
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1010301Zhang, Sun, Xie, Shang, Wang et al., A viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor VV116 broadly inhibits human coronaviruses and has synergistic potency with 3CLpro inhibitor nirmatrelvir, Signal Transduct Target Ther,
doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01587-1Zhao, Sun, Chaggan, Liao, Wong et al., An AMPK-caspase-6 axis controls liver damage in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Science,
doi:10.1126/science.aay0542Zheng, Karki, Vogel, Kanneganti, Caspase-6 Is a Key Regulator of Innate Immunity, Inflammasome Activation, and Host Defense, Cell,
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.040Zheng, Ren, Wang, Serine-arginine protein kinases and their targets in viral infection and their inhibition, Cell Mol Life Sci,
doi:10.1007/s00018-023-04808-6DOI record:
{
"DOI": "10.1371/journal.ppat.1013492",
"ISSN": [
"1553-7374"
],
"URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1013492",
"abstract": "<jats:p>Coronavirus, a large family of positive-sense RNA viruses, are responsible for both mild and severe respiratory illnesses, ranging from the common cold to life-threatening conditions. Despite significant advances in vaccine and antiviral development, the high mutability of human coronaviruses (HCoVs), such as SARS-CoV-2, presents a major challenge in treating these infections. Effective, broad-spectrum antiviral drugs are urgently needed to address both current and future HCoV outbreaks. Here, we conducted high-throughput screening of a natural product library containing 3407 compounds to identify potential antiviral agents against HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E. We identified several natural products with inhibitory effects on HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, and the SARS-CoV-2 variants Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (BA.5) <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> without evident cytotoxicity. Among these, dibenzoylmethane (DBM) not only demonstrated broad-spectrum anticoronavirus activity <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> but also effectively inhibited HCoV-OC43 replication in a BALB/c mouse model. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that DBM, when administered orally, maintained effective concentrations in the blood over an extended period, suggesting its suitability for oral administration. Mechanistically, DBM was found to regulate caspase-6, a host factor that suppresses interferon signalling and promotes HCoV replication. These findings highlight DBM as a promising candidate for the development of therapeutics targeting HCoVs, offering potential for treating infections by both established and emerging HCoVs.</jats:p>",
"author": [
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Sun",
"given": "Yuan",
"sequence": "first"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Shu",
"given": "Xiaoyang",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Chen",
"given": "Lu",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Shang",
"given": "Weijuan",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0767-1221",
"affiliation": [],
"authenticated-orcid": true,
"family": "Zhang",
"given": "Yumin",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Xiao",
"given": "Gengfu",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Zhang",
"given": "Leike",
"sequence": "additional"
}
],
"container-title": "PLOS Pathogens",
"container-title-short": "PLoS Pathog",
"content-domain": {
"crossmark-restriction": false,
"domain": [
"www.plospathogens.org"
]
},
"created": {
"date-parts": [
[
2025,
9,
8
]
],
"date-time": "2025-09-08T17:57:49Z",
"timestamp": 1757354269000
},
"deposited": {
"date-parts": [
[
2025,
9,
8
]
],
"date-time": "2025-09-08T17:58:00Z",
"timestamp": 1757354280000
},
"editor": [
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Martin",
"given": "Seamus J",
"sequence": "first"
}
],
"funder": [
{
"award": [
"2024YFC2607300"
],
"name": "National Key Research and Development Plan of China"
},
{
"award": [
"2022YFC2303300"
],
"name": "National Key Research and Development Plan of China"
},
{
"DOI": "10.13039/501100001809",
"award": [
"U22A20379"
],
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"id": [
{
"asserted-by": "publisher",
"id": "10.13039/501100001809",
"id-type": "DOI"
}
],
"name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"
},
{
"DOI": "10.13039/501100001809",
"award": [
"92169202"
],
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"id": [
{
"asserted-by": "publisher",
"id": "10.13039/501100001809",
"id-type": "DOI"
}
],
"name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"
},
{
"award": [
"GZNL2024A01008"
],
"name": "Major Project of Guangzhou National Laboratory"
},
{
"award": [
"2022CFA099"
],
"name": "Hubei Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars"
},
{
"award": [
"2021BCD004"
],
"name": "Key R&D Program of Hubei Province"
}
],
"indexed": {
"date-parts": [
[
2025,
9,
11
]
],
"date-time": "2025-09-11T20:24:11Z",
"timestamp": 1757622251047,
"version": "3.44.0"
},
"is-referenced-by-count": 0,
"issue": "9",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2025,
9,
8
]
]
},
"journal-issue": {
"issue": "9",
"published-online": {
"date-parts": [
[
2025,
9,
8
]
]
}
},
"language": "en",
"license": [
{
"URL": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"content-version": "am",
"delay-in-days": 0,
"start": {
"date-parts": [
[
2025,
9,
8
]
],
"date-time": "2025-09-08T00:00:00Z",
"timestamp": 1757289600000
}
}
],
"link": [
{
"URL": "https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1013492",
"content-type": "unspecified",
"content-version": "vor",
"intended-application": "similarity-checking"
}
],
"member": "340",
"original-title": [],
"page": "e1013492",
"prefix": "10.1371",
"published": {
"date-parts": [
[
2025,
9,
8
]
]
},
"published-online": {
"date-parts": [
[
2025,
9,
8
]
]
},
"publisher": "Public Library of Science (PLoS)",
"reference": [
{
"DOI": "10.1002/jmv.27460",
"article-title": "Evaluation of human coronavirus OC43 and SARS-COV-2 in children with respiratory tract infection during the COVID-19 pandemic",
"author": "N Keshavarz Valian",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "1450",
"issue": "4",
"journal-title": "J Med Virol",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref001",
"volume": "94",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104646",
"article-title": "Non-invasive bioluminescence imaging of HCoV-OC43 infection and therapy in the central nervous system of live mice",
"author": "J Niu",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "104646",
"journal-title": "Antiviral Res",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref002",
"volume": "173",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1002/jmv.26362",
"article-title": "More than just a common cold: Endemic coronaviruses OC43, HKU1, NL63, and 229E associated with severe acute respiratory infection and fatality cases among healthy adults",
"author": "ABG da Veiga",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "1002",
"issue": "2",
"journal-title": "J Med Virol",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref003",
"volume": "93",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1038/nm.3985",
"article-title": "A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence",
"author": "VD Menachery",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "1508",
"issue": "12",
"journal-title": "Nat Med",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref004",
"volume": "21",
"year": "2015"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.019",
"article-title": "A bat MERS-like coronavirus circulates in pangolins and utilizes human DPP4 and host proteases for cell entry",
"author": "J Chen",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"issue": "4",
"journal-title": "Cell",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref005",
"volume": "186",
"year": "2023"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1186/s12929-022-00852-9",
"article-title": "A critical overview of current progress for COVID-19: development of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and therapeutic antibodies",
"author": "M Kumari",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "68",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Journal of Biomedical Science",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref006",
"volume": "29",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"article-title": "Enhanced neutralization resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, and BA.2.75.2",
"author": "P Qu",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Cell Host Microbe",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref007",
"volume": "31",
"year": "2023"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1038/s41586-022-05514-2",
"article-title": "Multiple pathways for SARS-CoV-2 resistance to nirmatrelvir",
"author": "S Iketani",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "558",
"issue": "7944",
"journal-title": "Nature",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref008",
"volume": "613",
"year": "2023"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1038/s41573-023-00692-8",
"article-title": "Accelerating antiviral drug discovery: lessons from COVID-19",
"author": "A von Delft",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "585",
"issue": "7",
"journal-title": "Nat Rev Drug Discov",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref009",
"volume": "22",
"year": "2023"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1002/jmv.25761",
"article-title": "The potential chemical structure of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase",
"author": "J Lung",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "693",
"issue": "6",
"journal-title": "J Med Virol",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref010",
"volume": "92",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1038/s41401-020-0483-6",
"article-title": "Anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities in vitro of Shuanghuanglian preparations and bioactive ingredients",
"author": "H-X Su",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "1167",
"issue": "9",
"journal-title": "Acta Pharmacol Sin",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref011",
"volume": "41",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.05.003",
"article-title": "Safe, high-throughput screening of natural compounds of MERS-CoV entry inhibitors using a pseudovirus expressing MERS-CoV spike protein",
"author": "JY Kim",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "730",
"issue": "5",
"journal-title": "Int J Antimicrob Agents",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref012",
"volume": "52",
"year": "2018"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1038/s41467-024-45690-5",
"article-title": "Cepharanthine analogs mining and genomes of Stephania accelerate anti-coronavirus drug discovery",
"author": "L Leng",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "1537",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Nat Commun",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref013",
"volume": "15",
"year": "2024"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.033",
"article-title": "Inhibition of airway inflammation by the roots of Angelica decursiva and its constituent, columbianadin",
"author": "HJ Lim",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "1353",
"issue": "2",
"journal-title": "J Ethnopharmacol",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref014",
"volume": "155",
"year": "2014"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1112",
"article-title": "Chemoprevention of familial adenomatous polyposis by natural dietary compounds sulforaphane and dibenzoylmethane alone and in combination in ApcMin/+ mouse",
"author": "G Shen",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "9937",
"issue": "20",
"journal-title": "Cancer Res",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref015",
"volume": "67",
"year": "2007"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1093/jnci/92.20.1641",
"article-title": "Role of alpha1 acid glycoprotein in the in vivo resistance of human BCR-ABL(+) leukemic cells to the abl inhibitor STI571",
"author": "C Gambacorti-Passerini",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "1641",
"issue": "20",
"journal-title": "J Natl Cancer Inst",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref016",
"volume": "92",
"year": "2000"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.ccell.2024.03.004",
"article-title": "Pharmacogenomic profiling of intra-tumor heterogeneity using a large organoid biobank of liver cancer",
"author": "H Yang",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"issue": "4",
"journal-title": "Cancer Cell",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref017",
"volume": "42",
"year": "2024"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1038/s41392-023-01587-1",
"article-title": "A viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor VV116 broadly inhibits human coronaviruses and has synergistic potency with 3CLpro inhibitor nirmatrelvir",
"author": "Y Zhang",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "360",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Signal Transduct Target Ther",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref018",
"volume": "8",
"year": "2023"
},
{
"article-title": "Attenuation of Equine Lentivirus Alters Mitochondrial Protein Expression Profile from Inflammation to Apoptosis",
"author": "C Du",
"issue": "21",
"journal-title": "J Virol",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref019",
"volume": "93",
"year": "2019"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1128/jvi.00819-22",
"article-title": "Human Cytomegalovirus Manipulates Syntaxin 6 for Successful Trafficking and Subsequent Infection of Monocytes",
"author": "BS Mosher",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"issue": "14",
"journal-title": "J Virol",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref020",
"volume": "96",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1007/s00018-023-04808-6",
"article-title": "Serine-arginine protein kinases and their targets in viral infection and their inhibition",
"author": "K Zheng",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "153",
"issue": "6",
"journal-title": "Cell Mol Life Sci",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref021",
"volume": "80",
"year": "2023"
},
{
"article-title": "Coronaviruses exploit a host cysteine-aspartic protease for replication",
"author": "H Chu",
"first-page": "785",
"issue": "7928",
"journal-title": "Nature",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref022",
"volume": "609",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1038/s41392-023-01580-8",
"article-title": "The role of cell death in SARS-CoV-2 infection",
"author": "C Yuan",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "357",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Signal Transduct Target Ther",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref023",
"volume": "8",
"year": "2023"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1371/journal.ppat.1010301",
"article-title": "Host MOV10 is induced to restrict herpes simplex virus 1 lytic infection by promoting type I interferon response",
"author": "X Yang",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"issue": "2",
"journal-title": "PLoS Pathog",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref024",
"volume": "18",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"article-title": "A CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening identifies IRF2 as a key driver of OAS3/RNase L-mediated RNA decay during viral infection",
"author": "S Oh",
"issue": "45",
"journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref025",
"volume": "121",
"year": "2024"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3389/fcimb.2024.1353971",
"article-title": "Natural products as a source of Coronavirus entry inhibitors",
"author": "D Szabó",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "1353971",
"journal-title": "Front Cell Infect Microbiol",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref026",
"volume": "14",
"year": "2024"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114844",
"article-title": "Histone deacetylase inhibition reduces deleterious cytokine release induced by ingenol stimulation",
"author": "ET Larragoite",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "114844",
"journal-title": "Biochem Pharmacol",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref027",
"volume": "195",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1093/chromsci/bmu171",
"article-title": "Metabolism Study of Veratramine Associated with Neurotoxicity by Using HPLC-MSn",
"author": "Y Cong",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "1092",
"issue": "7",
"journal-title": "J Chromatogr Sci",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref028",
"volume": "53",
"year": "2015"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109734",
"article-title": "Dibenzoylmethane derivative inhibits melanoma cancer in vitro and in vivo through induction of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways",
"author": "FR Nascimento",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "109734",
"journal-title": "Chem Biol Interact",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref029",
"volume": "351",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/S0304-3835(01)00506-7",
"article-title": "Inhibition by dietary dibenzoylmethane of mammary gland proliferation, formation of DMBA-DNA adducts in mammary glands, and mammary tumorigenesis in Sencar mice",
"author": "CC Lin",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "125",
"issue": "2",
"journal-title": "Cancer Lett",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref030",
"volume": "168",
"year": "2001"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.040",
"article-title": "Caspase-6 Is a Key Regulator of Innate Immunity, Inflammasome Activation, and Host Defense",
"author": "M Zheng",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"issue": "3",
"journal-title": "Cell",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref031",
"volume": "181",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1126/science.aay0542",
"article-title": "An AMPK-caspase-6 axis controls liver damage in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis",
"author": "P Zhao",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "652",
"issue": "6478",
"journal-title": "Science",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref032",
"volume": "367",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1038/s41418-021-00881-1",
"article-title": "Therapeutic potential of Nlrp1 inflammasome, Caspase-1, or Caspase-6 against Alzheimer disease cognitive impairment",
"author": "J Flores",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "657",
"issue": "3",
"journal-title": "Cell Death Differ",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref033",
"volume": "29",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.07.001",
"article-title": "Activation of Caspase-6 Is Promoted by a Mutant Huntingtin Fragment and Blocked by an Allosteric Inhibitor Compound",
"author": "DE Ehrnhoefer",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"issue": "9",
"journal-title": "Cell Chem Biol",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref034",
"volume": "26",
"year": "2019"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112859",
"article-title": "Knocking down macrophages Caspase-6 through HMGB1 coordinates macrophage trophoblast crosstalk to suppress ferroptosis and alleviate preeclampsia",
"author": "Y Deng",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "112859",
"journal-title": "Int Immunopharmacol",
"key": "ppat.1013492.ref035",
"volume": "140",
"year": "2024"
}
],
"reference-count": 35,
"references-count": 35,
"relation": {},
"resource": {
"primary": {
"URL": "https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1013492"
}
},
"score": 1,
"short-title": [],
"source": "Crossref",
"subject": [],
"subtitle": [],
"title": "Discovery and mechanistic insights of dibenzoylmethane as a broad spectrum inhibitor of coronavirus",
"type": "journal-article",
"update-policy": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.corrections_policy",
"volume": "21"
}
