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Antiplatelet therapy prior to COVID-19 infection impacts on patients mortality: a propensity score-matched cohort study

Sokolski et al., Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-024-55407-9
Feb 2024  
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Retrospective 2,170 hospitalized COVID-19 patients showing lower risk of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation use, and lower 3-month mortality with prior antiplatelet (AP) therapy. AP therapy did not increase bleeding risk. Patients with prior AP therapy had significantly lower inflammatory markers at admission. In the subgroup with indications for AP therapy, AP was associated with lower 3- and 6-month mortality. Ongoing acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) treatment was associated with lower mortality compared to ASA suspension during hospitalization.
Study covers remdesivir and aspirin.
Sokolski et al., 28 Feb 2024, retrospective, Poland, peer-reviewed, 11 authors. Contact: mateusz.sokolski@umw.edu.pl.
This PaperAspirinAll
Antiplatelet therapy prior to COVID-19 infection impacts on patients mortality: a propensity score-matched cohort study
Mateusz Sokolski, Konrad Reszka, Barbara Adamik, Katarzyna Kilis-Pstrusinska, Weronika Lis, Michał Pomorski, Janusz Sokolowski, Adrian Doroszko, Katarzyna Madziarska, Ewa Anita Jankowska, Marcin Protasiewicz
Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-024-55407-9
One of the major pathomechanisms of COVID-19 is the interplay of hyperinflammation and disruptions in coagulation processes, involving thrombocytes. Antiplatelet therapy (AP) by antiinflammatory effect and inhibition of platelet aggregation may affect these pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate if AP has an impact on the in-hospital course and medium-term outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The study population (2170 COVID-19 patients: mean ± SD age 60 ± 19 years old, 50% male) was divided into a group of 274 patients receiving any AP prior to COVID-19 infection (AP group), and after propensity score matching, a group of 274 patients without previous AP (non-AP group). Patients from the AP group were less frequently hospitalized in the intensive care unit: 9% vs. 15%, 0.55 (0.33-0.94), developed less often shock: 9% vs. 15%, 0.56 (0.33-0.96), and required less aggressive forms of therapy. The AP group had more coronary revascularizations: 5% vs. 1%, 3.48 (2.19-5.55) and strokes/TIA: 5% vs. 1%, 3.63 (1.18-11.2). The bleeding rate was comparable: 7% vs. 7%, 1.06 (0.54-2.06). The patients from the AP group had lower 3-month mortality: 31% vs. 39%, 0.69 (0.51-0.93) and didn't differ significantly in 6-month mortality: 34% vs. 41%, 0.79 (0.60-1.04). When analyzing the subgroup with a history of myocardial infarction and/or coronary revascularization and/or previous stroke/transient ischemic attack and/or peripheral artery disease, AP had a beneficial effect on both 3-month: 37% vs. 56%, 0.58 (0.40-0.86) and 6-month mortality: 42% vs. 57%, 0.63 (0.44-0.92). Moreover, the favourable effect was highly noticeable in this subgroup where acetylsalicylic acid was continued during hospitalization with reduction of in-hospital: 19% vs. 43%, 0.31 (0.15-0.67), 3-month: 30% vs. 54%, 044 (0.26-0.75) and 6-month mortality: 33% vs. 54%, 0.49 (0.29-0.82) when confronted with the subgroup who had acetylsalicylic acid suspension during hospitalization. The AP may have a beneficial impact on hospital course and mortality in COVID-19 and shouldn't be discontinued, especially in high-risk patients. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global health crisis 1 . SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus with a high mutation rate 2,3 . Five SARS-CoV-2 variants (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and omicron) have been identified by WHO as variants of concern. While approximately 80% of SARS-CoV-2 infections are mild to moderate, the clinical presentation and case fatality rate vary depending on the viral variant and comorbidities 4,5 . Thus, the infection fatality rates vary from 0.3 to 5%. The major causes of death are respiratory failure, sepsis/multi-organ failure, OPEN
Author contributions Conceptualization: M.S., M.P.r; formal analysis: M.S., M.Pr..; investigation: M.S., K.R., B.A., K.K-P, W.L., M.Po., J.S., A.D., K.M., E.A.J., M.Pr.; methodology: M.S., M.Pr.; project administration: A.D., K.M., M.Pr., E.A.J.; supervision: M.S., A.D., K.M., M.Pr., EAJ.; visualization: M.S., K.R; writing-original draft, M.S., K.R.; writingreview and editing, M.S., K.R., K.R., B.A., K. K-P, W.L., M.Po., J.S., A.D., K.M., M.Pr., E.A.J. All authors have contributed substantially to this work and have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.
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Haemost.'}, { 'key': '55407_CR28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '158', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.12.073', 'volume': '142', 'author': 'HM Salah', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Salah, H. M. & Mehta, J. L. Meta-analysis of the effect of aspirin on ' 'mortality in COVID-19. Am. J. Cardiol. 142, 158–159 (2021).', 'journal-title': 'Am. J. Cardiol.'}, { 'key': '55407_CR29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '227', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2021.23605', 'volume': '327', 'author': 'JS Berger', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Berger, J. S. et al. Effect of P2Y12 inhibitors on survival free of ' 'organ support among non-critically ill hospitalized patients with ' 'COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 327, 227–236 (2022).', 'journal-title': 'JAMA.'}, { 'key': '55407_CR30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'unstructured': 'Matli, K. et al. Combined anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy is ' 'associated with an improved outcome in hospitalised patients with ' 'COVID-19: a propensity matched cohort study. Open Heart. 8, e001785. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2021-001785 (2021).', 'DOI': '10.1136/openhrt-2021-001785'}, { 'key': '55407_CR31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'unstructured': 'Su, W. et al. Associations between the use of aspirin or other ' 'antiplatelet drugs and all-cause mortality among patients with COVID-19: ' 'A meta-analysis. Front. Pharmacol. 13, 989903. ' 'https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.989903 (2022).', 'DOI': '10.3389/fphar.2022.989903'}, { 'key': '55407_CR32', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '763', 'DOI': '10.1055/s-0040-1715456', 'volume': '46', 'author': 'A Di Minno', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Di Minno, A., Ambrosino, P., Calcaterra, I. & Di Minno, M. N. D. ' 'COVID-19 and venous thromboembolism: A meta-analysis of literature ' 'studies. Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 46, 763–771 (2020).', 'journal-title': 'Semin. Thromb. Hemost.'}, { 'key': '55407_CR33', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '174', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.02.007', 'volume': '171', 'author': 'AA Toubasi', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Toubasi, A. A. Effect on morbidity and mortality of direct oral ' 'anticoagulants in patients with COVID-19. Am. J. Cardiol. 171, 174–177 ' '(2022).', 'journal-title': 'Am. J. Cardiol.'}, { 'key': '55407_CR34', 'unstructured': 'Stone, G. W. et al. FREEDOM COVID anticoagulation strategy randomized ' 'trial investigators. randomized trial of anticoagulation strategies for ' 'noncritically ill patients hospitalized with COVID-19. J. Am. Coll. ' 'Cardiol. 81, 1747–1762 (2023).'}, { 'key': '55407_CR35', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '352', 'DOI': '10.3390/jcm11020352', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'M Protasiewicz', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Protasiewicz, M. et al. Anticoagulation prior to COVID-19 infection has ' 'no impact on 6 months mortality: A propensity score-matched cohort ' 'study. J. Clin. Med. 11, 352 (2022).', 'journal-title': 'J. Clin. Med.'}, { 'key': '55407_CR36', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1435', 'DOI': '10.4244/EIJY19M01_01', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'FJ Neumann', 'year': '2019', 'unstructured': 'Neumann, F. J. et al. 2018 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial ' 'revascularization. EuroIntervention. 14, 1435–1534 (2019).', 'journal-title': 'EuroIntervention.'}, { 'key': '55407_CR37', 'first-page': '875', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'M Protasiewicz', 'year': '2013', 'unstructured': 'Protasiewicz, M., Szymkiewicz, P., Kuliczkowski, W., Mysiak, A. & ' 'Witkiewicz, W. Modern antiplatelet therapy—opportunities and risks. Adv. ' 'Clin. Exp. Med. 22, 875–878 (2013).', 'journal-title': 'Adv. Clin. Exp. Med.'}, { 'key': '55407_CR38', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Li, L., Geraghty, O.C., Mehta, Z., Rothwell, P.M.; Oxford Vascular ' 'Study. Age-specific risks, severity, time course, and outcome of ' 'bleeding on long-term antiplatelet treatment after vascular events: a ' 'population-based cohort study. Lancet. 390, 490–499 (2017).', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30770-5'}, { 'key': '55407_CR39', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'unstructured': 'Fischer, A.L. et al. Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of adults ' 'with COVID-19. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 7, CD015078. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD015078 (2023).', 'DOI': '10.1002/14651858.CD015078'}, { 'key': '55407_CR40', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1251', 'DOI': '10.3390/biomedicines11051251', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'KM Ludwikowska', 'year': '2023', 'unstructured': 'Ludwikowska, K. M., Moksud, N., Tracewski, P., Sokolski, M. & Szenborn, ' 'L. 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Late treatment
is less effective
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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