Supplementary Data — Selenium for COVID-19: real-time meta analysis of 12 studies (4 treatment studies and 8 sufficiency studies)

@CovidAnalysis, December 2025, Version 4V4
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Hafizi (DB RCT) 35% 0.65 [0.11-3.73] death 2/62 3/60 CT​1​ Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control COVIDENCE UK Holt 80% 0.20 [0.03-1.44] cases 1/167 445/15,060 Nimer -26% 1.26 [0.64-2.32] hosp. 12/57 207/2,091 Nimer -9% 1.09 [0.57-1.97] severe case 12/57 248/2,091 Vaisi 53% 0.47 [0.32-0.81] hosp. 3,853 (n) 102 (n) Vaisi 15% 0.85 [0.40-0.97] symp. case 3,853 (n) 102 (n) Selenium COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org December 2025 ​1​ CT: study uses combined treatment Favors selenium Favors control
Fig. S1. All outcomes.
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Fig. S2. Comparison of results for RCTs versus observational studies. For COVID-19 treatments, there is no significant difference between the results of RCTs and observational studies. Observational studies do not systematically over or underestimate efficacy. For high-cost treatments, there is a non-significant trend towards RCTs showing greater efficacy.