Comparison between Vitamin D Level of Asymptomatic Confirmed Covid-19 Patients with Symptomatic Confirmed Covid-19 Patients in Makassar

Savitri et al., Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 25:6, May 2021
Symp. case 88% improvement lower risk ← → higher risk Vitamin D for COVID-19  Savitri et al.  SUFFICIENCY   Are vitamin D levels associated with COVID-19 outcomes? Retrospective 42 patients in Indonesia Fewer symptomatic cases with higher vitamin D levels (p<0.000001) c19early.org Savitri et al., Annals of the Romanian.., May 2021 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ RR
Vitamin D for COVID-19
8th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 126 studies, recognized in 18 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
6,300+ studies for 210+ treatments. c19early.org
Retrospective 42 PCR+ patients in Indonesia, showing significantly higher risk of symptomatic cases with vitamin D deficiency.
This is the 63rd of 226 COVID-19 sufficiency studies for vitamin D, which collectively show higher levels reduce risk with p<0.0000000001 (1 in 115,066,047,903,039,356,928 vigintillion).
risk of symptomatic case, 88.0% lower, RR 0.12, p < 0.001, high D levels 3 of 25 (12.0%), low D levels 17 of 17 (100.0%), NNT 1.1, >20ng/ml.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Savitri et al., 8 May 2021, retrospective, Indonesia, peer-reviewed, 5 authors.
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19 treatment protocols c19early.org December 2025 Indonesia United Kingdom Russia USA Sudan Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Pakistan Argentina Vietnam Peru Philippines Spain Brazil Italy France Japan China Uzbekistan Nepal Ethiopia Iran Ghana Mexico South Korea Germany Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland India Bolivia Taiwan Zambia Fiji Bosnia-Herzegovina Ukraine Côte d'Ivoire Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Singapore Iceland New Zealand Czechia Mongolia Israel Trinidad and Tobago Hong Kong North Macedonia Belarus Qatar Panama Serbia Indonesia favored low-cost treatments.The average efficacy of treatments was high.Low-cost treatments improve early treatment, andprovide complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19treatment protocols worldwide c19early.org December 2025 Indonesia United Kingdom Russia USA Sudan Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Pakistan Argentina Vietnam Peru Philippines Spain Brazil Italy France Japan China Uzbekistan Nepal Ethiopia Iran Ghana Mexico South Korea Germany Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland India DR Congo Egypt Bolivia Taiwan Zambia Fiji Ukraine Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Singapore New Zealand Malawi Czechia Mongolia Israel Trinidad and Tobago North Macedonia Belarus Qatar Panama Serbia Indonesia favored low-cost treatments.The average efficacy was high.Low-cost protocols improve early treatment,and add complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
Comparison between Vitamn D Level of Asymptomatic Confirmed Covid-19 Patients with Symptomatic Confirmed Covid-19 Patients in Makassar
Eka Savitri, Indra Irawan, Nova A L Pieter, Abdul Qadar Punagi, Nani Djufri
Vitamin D shows an important role in immune function. However,there is still little analysis regarding the role of vitamin D inpreventing infection and death fromCOVID-19.This researchaimed todetermine vitamin D levels inpatients with confirmed COVID-19. A crosssectional study was conducted. Researcher collected blood fromthemedian cubital vein of COVID-19 patients and examined the vitamin D levels in patients using the ELISA method.This research showed a comparison of serum vitaminD based on clinical manifestations of COVID-19 patients in all subjects. In20 patients with symptomatic COVID-19 clinical manifestations there were 17 patients (85 %) with vitamin Ddeficiency, 3 patients (15 %) with vitamin D insufficiency; To the contrary, there were noasymptomatic COVID-19 patientswith vitamin D deficiency, 18 patients with vitamin D insufficiency, and 4 patients with normal vitamin D levels.There was a significant relationship between the clinicalmanifestations of patients with COVID-19 and the patient's serum vitamin D levels where asymptomatic patientshad higher levels than that of symptomatic patients (p-value with the Chi-square test was 0.000 with p <0.001).In addition, there was a significant difference between vitamin D levels in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients whereserum vitamin D levels were obtained to be higher in the asymptomatic patient group than in thesymptomaticgroup.
References
Ahn, Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics and Vaccines for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Page
Ali, Role of vitamin D in preventing of COVID-19 infection, progression and severity
Alipio, Vitamin D Supplementation Could Possibly Improve Clinical Outcomes of Patients Infected with Coronavirus, doi:10.2139/ssrn.3571484
Carpagno, Vitamin D defciency as a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19, Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
Cui, Vitamin D receptor activation regulates microglia polarization and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats and angiotensin II-exposed microglial cells: role of renin-angiotensin system, Redox Biol, doi:10.1016/j.redox.2019.101295
Ebadi, Montana, Perspective: improving vitamin D status in the management of COVID-19, Eur J ClinNutr
Gruber-Bzura, Vitamin D and influenza-prevention or therapy?, Int J MolSci, doi:10.3390/ijms19082419
Horani, Nationality, Gender, Age, and Body Mass Index Influences on Vitamin D Concentration among Elderly Patients and Young Iraqi and Jordanian in Jordan, Biochemistry Research International
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