Vitamin D Levels among Hospitalized and Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2022, 3, 30]], 'date-time': '2022-03-30T04:15:35Z', 'timestamp': 1648613735423}, 'reference-count': 23, 'publisher': 'European Open Science Publishing', 'issue': '6', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 12, 10]], 'date-time': '2021-12-10T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1639094400000}, 'content-version': 'unspecified', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:p>Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes immune system dysregulation and an ' 'exaggerated systemic inflammatory response. Vitamin D acts as an immunomodulator that ' 'enhances the immunity defense. Low levels of vitamin D affect the severity of COVID-19 ' 'infection. This study aims to determine vitamin D levels in hospitalized and non-hospitalized ' 'COVID-19 patients. A case-control study was conducted involving 62 COVID-19 patients, equally ' 'divided into hospitalized and non-hospitalized groups at RSUP dr. M. Djamil, Padang from ' 'February to September 2020. Serum vitamin D levels were measured using the Chemiluminescent ' 'Microparticle Immunoassay. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a level less than 20 ng/mL. ' 'The hospitalized group consisted of moderate to critical COVID-19 patients, whereas the ' 'non-hospitalized group consisted of the asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients according to ' 'the Indonesian Ministry of Health Guidelines. All data were analyzed using a T-test and ' 'Chi-square with a significant p-value of 0.05. The results showed that most subjects were ' 'women between 21–60 years. The mean level of vitamin D (ng/mL) in the hospitalized group was ' 'lower than in the non-hospitalized group (15.5 ± 7.72 vs. 19.2 ± 14.30; 95% CI -9.509–2.167; ' 'p=0.213). Vitamin D deficiency affected hospitalized group more than the non-hospitalized ' 'group, but not statistically significant (71% vs. 64.5%, p=0.566). It indicated the role of ' 'vitamin D in preventing immune system hyperactivation causing COVID-19 cytokine storm. This ' 'study concluded no difference in vitamin D levels among the study groups. Nevertheless, ' 'further research on vitamin D is needed to determine its role and benefits against COVID-19 ' 'infection.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.6.1131', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2022, 1, 6]], 'date-time': '2022-01-06T13:59:59Z', 'timestamp': 1641477599000}, 'page': '78-81', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Vitamin D Levels among Hospitalized and Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Dr. M. 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