Vitamin D Levels among Hospitalized and Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang
Efrida Harika Putra, Efrida, Rismawati Yaswir
European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, doi:10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.6.1131
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes immune system dysregulation and an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response. Vitamin D acts as an immunomodulator that enhances the immunity defense. Degression of vitamin D levels affect the severity of COVID-19 infection Our case-control study compared the vitamin D levels between hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients at RSUP dr. M. Djamil, Padang from February to September 2020. Serum vitamin D levels were categorized as deficiency if the level was less than 20 ng/mL based on the Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay. The hospitalized group consisted of moderate to critical COVID-19 patients, whereas the nonhospitalized group consisted of the asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients according to the Indonesian Ministry of Health Guidelines. Data analysis were performed using T-test and Chi-square with a significant pvalue of less than 0.05. The results showed that most subjects were women between 21-60 years. The mean level of vitamin D (ng/mL) in the hospitalized group was lower than in the non-hospitalized group (15.5 ± 7.72 vs. 19.2 ± 14.30; 95% CI -9.509-2.167; p=0.213). Vitamin D deficiency was found more among hospitalized group than the non-hospitalized group, but not statistically significant (71% vs. 64.5%, p=0.566). It indicated the role of vitamin D in preventing immune system hyperactivation causing COVID-19 cytokine storm. This study concluded no difference in vitamin D levels among the study groups. Nevertheless, further research on vitamin D is needed to determine its role and benefits against COVID-19 infection.
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