In vivo efficacy of 2% povidone iodine, chlorhexidine gluconate, and herbal extract mouthwash on SARS-CoV-2 viral load in saliva: A randomized clinical trial

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 1, 27]], 'date-time': '2024-01-27T00:07:50Z', 'timestamp': 1706314070148}, 'reference-count': 31, 'publisher': 'Medknow', 'issue': '6', 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2023]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Background:</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>One of the major techniques to reduce the transmission rate of COVID-19 ' 'would be to decrease the viral titers of SARS-CoV-2 in the saliva of infected patients and it ' 'is particularly useful in a dental setting. The present study evaluated the change in ' 'salivary viral load of COVID-19 patients using povidone iodine (PI), chlorhexidine (CHX), and ' 'an herbal extract (RightSure<jats:sup>®</jats:sup>) oral antiviral herbal mouthwash (HM) at ' 'clinically recommended duration and concentrations.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Materials and Methods:</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Thirty individuals with SARS-CoV-2 were randomly allocated to three ' 'groups: (1) Group 1, PI mouthwash; (2) Group 2, CHX mouthwash; and (3) Group 3, HM mouthwash. ' 'A baseline salivary throat sample was collected from all the participants who were later ' 'instructed to rinse with their respective mouthwash for 30 s. A second salivary sample was ' 'collected 30 min after rinsing. The SARS-CoV-2 viral load was analyzed using real-time ' 'reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction wherein the cyclic threshold (Ct) values were ' 'evaluated.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Results:</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Independent <jats:italic toggle="yes">t</jats:italic>-test analysis ' 'reported a statistically significant difference concerning the PI group (before-after ' 'comparison) (<jats:italic toggle="yes">P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The rest of the two study ' 'groups failed to report any significant difference in the nucleocapsid gene and open reading ' 'frame 1a gene levels.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Conclusion:</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>While all three types of mouthwash increased the Ct values, a ' 'statistically significant difference was observed with PI mouthwash, indicating that it might ' 'potentially reduce the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, especially via aerosol but further ' 'studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up periods are required to investigate this ' 'relationship.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.4103/jisp.jisp_469_22', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 1, 25]], 'date-time': '2024-01-25T21:01:11Z', 'timestamp': 1706216471000}, 'page': '607-611', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'In vivo efficacy of 2% povidone iodine, chlorhexidine gluconate, and herbal extract mouthwash on ' 'SARS-CoV-2 viral load in saliva: A randomized clinical trial', 'prefix': '10.4103', 'volume': '27', 'author': [ { 'given': 'Sayana', 'family': 'Nazrine', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Periodontology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and ' 'Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India'}]}, { 'given': 'Ritesh', 'family': 'Kulal', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Periodontology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and ' 'Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India'}]}, { 'given': 'BM', 'family': 'Shivaprasad', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Periodontology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and ' 'Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India'}]}, { 'given': 'Nimmi', 'family': 'Janardhanan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Periodontology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and ' 'Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India'}]}], 'member': '2581', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 1, 24]]}, 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'21', 'author': 'Serlahwaty', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Pharm Educ'}], 'container-title': 'Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jisp.jisp_469_22', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 1, 26]], 'date-time': '2024-01-26T14:04:50Z', 'timestamp': 1706277890000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jisp.jisp_469_22'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2023]]}, 'references-count': 31, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '6', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2023]]}}, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_469_22', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['0972-124X', '0975-1580'], 'subject': ['Periodontics'], 'published': {'date-parts': [[2023]]}}