Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Association with Serum Inflammatory Factors Stress Oxidative and Appetite in COVID-19 Patients

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 27]], 'date-time': '2023-01-27T06:00:31Z', 'timestamp': 1674799231359}, 'reference-count': 51, 'publisher': 'MDPI AG', 'issue': '2', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 26]], 'date-time': '2023-01-26T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1674691200000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The Mediterranean diet’s bioactive components are ' 'suggested to strengthen the immune system and to exert anti-inflammatory actions. This study ' 'investigated the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet with serum ' 'inflammatory factors, total antioxidant capacity, appetite, and symptoms of COVID-19 ' 'patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 Iranian ' 'COVID-19 patients selected by a simple random method. The ten-item Mediterranean diet ' 'adherence questionnaire was used to assess diet adherence. At the beginning of the study, 5 ' 'cc of blood was taken from all patients for measurement of serum interleukin 1β) IL-1β), ' 'tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), high sensitivity C-reactive protein ' '(hs-CRP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). A human ELISA kit with serial number ' '950.090.096 produced by the Diaclone Company was used to test this cytokine using the ' 'sandwich ELISA method. Results: One hundred and five patients presented a high adherence and ' '495 patients presented a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The incidence of fever, ' 'cough, diarrhea, taste changes, and pneumonia severity index were significantly lower in ' 'patients who adhered to the Mediterranean diet more than other patients. Serum levels of ' 'tumor necrosis factor (5.7 ± 2.1 vs. 6.9 ± 2.8 p = 0.02), interleukin 1 beta (3.2 ± 0.02 vs. ' '4.9 ± 0.01 p = 0.02), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (17.08 ± 4.2 vs. 19.8 ± 2.5 p = ' '0.03), and malondialdehyde (5.7 ± 0.2 vs. 6.2 ± 0.3 p = 0.02) were significantly lower in ' 'patients who adhered more to the Mediterranean diet than other patients. Conclusion: The ' 'Mediterranean diet can improve the symptoms and elevated serum inflammatory factors in ' 'COVID-19 patients, so clinical trial studies are suggested to confirm this effect.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.3390/medicina59020227', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 26]], 'date-time': '2023-01-26T06:30:30Z', 'timestamp': 1674714630000}, 'page': '227', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Association with Serum Inflammatory Factors Stress Oxidative ' 'and Appetite in COVID-19 Patients', 'prefix': '10.3390', 'volume': '59', 'author': [ { 'given': 'Mahsa', 'family': 'Mohajeri', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical ' 'Sciences, Ardabil 56189-85991, Iran'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3348-3796', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Reza', 'family': 'Mohajery', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Energy Management Research Center, University of Mohaghegh ' 'Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4367-3884', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Arrigo F. G.', 'family': 'Cicero', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Medicine and Surgery Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum ' 'University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy'}, { 'name': 'IRCCS AOU S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, ' 'Italy'}]}], 'member': '1968', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 26]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': 'ref_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '365', 'DOI': '10.1080/10408363.2020.1783198', 'article-title': 'The COVID-19 pandemic', 'volume': '57', 'author': 'Ciotti', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci.'}, { 'key': 'ref_2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Calder, P.C., Carr, A.C., Gombart, A.F., and Eggersdorfer, M. (2020). ' 'Optimal nutritional status for a well-functioning immune system is an ' 'important factor to protect against viral infections. 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