A Retrospective Study in Patients With Varying Prescription Coverage With Ursodeoxycholic Acid and Association With Incidence of COVID-19 Diagnosis in Primary Care

{ 'indexed': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 17]], 'date-time': '2023-11-17T00:29:43Z', 'timestamp': 1700180983014}, 'reference-count': 36, 'publisher': 'European Medical Group', 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:p>Background: The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in significant ' 'mortality and morbidity. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is reportedly widely in demand in some ' 'countries, such as China, to protect individuals from the effects of infection, as there is ' 'evidence that it is effective in preventing viral replication in some in vitro studies. UDCA ' 'is commonly prescribed in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and gallbladder calculi. By ' 'evaluating a set of patients prescribed UDCA, whether or not the risk of COVID-19 infection ' 'is attenuated by adherence to UDCA can be determined.\n' '\n' 'Method: This is a retrospective database study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink ' '(CPRD Aurum). Patients who received a prescription of UDCA in the study timeframe of March 1, ' '2020–May 30, 2021 were characterized, and their primary care electronic medical records ' 'analyzed for presence of COVID-19 infection. The proportion of days covered for each patient ' 'was used as a proxy for adherence. A comparison was made between categorized high- and ' 'low-adherence, and adherence as a continuous variable. Inverse probability weighting was used ' 'to adjust for confounding.\n' '\n' 'Results: Higher categorized adherence (≥80%) to UDCA was associated with a statistically ' 'significant lower incidence of COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.864; 95% confidence interval ' '[CI]: 0.759–0.984; p=0.027). This contrasted to adherence as a continuous variable, which was ' 'not statistically significant. Obesity and hematological malignancy were also associated with ' 'a higher incidence of COVID-19 infection.\n' '\n' 'Conclusion: There is evidence to suggest that the regular use of UDCA is associated with a ' 'lower risk of COVID-19 infection when compared to irregular or sporadic usage.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.33590/microbiolinfectdisamj/10304488', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 16]], 'date-time': '2023-11-16T16:38:39Z', 'timestamp': 1700152719000}, 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'A Retrospective Study in Patients With Varying Prescription Coverage With Ursodeoxycholic Acid ' 'and Association With Incidence of COVID-19 Diagnosis in Primary Care', 'prefix': '10.33590', 'author': [ { 'given': 'Simon Wan Yau Ming', 'family': 'Ming', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'CorEvitas, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA'}]}, { 'given': 'Mike', 'family': 'Smith', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'CorEvitas, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA'}]}, { 'given': 'Yi', 'family': 'Zhou', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Ionscope, Cambridge, UK'}]}], 'member': '18914', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 16]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': 'ref0', 'unstructured': 'Huang Y-Z, Kuan CC. 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