Bioinformatics analysis of the proteome in the pathway of complement and coagulation cascades in COVID-19: discovering potential biomarkers of FGB and SERPINA5
et al., BMC Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1186/s12879-025-11598-8, Oct 2025
Bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry study identifying dysregulation in the coagulation pathway in COVID-19, highlighting FGB and FGG (upregulated) and F2 (thrombin) and SERPINA5 (downregulated) as key hub genes. The findings support using existing anticoagulants targeting F2 and suggest FGB and SERPINA5 are potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Liu et al., 8 Oct 2025, peer-reviewed, 8 authors.
Contact: mitenike@sjtu.edu.cn, songshu@shaphc.org, zhanglijun@shaphc.org.
In silico studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.
Bioinformatics analysis of the proteome in the pathway of complement and coagulation cascades in COVID-19: discovering potential biomarkers of FGB and SERPINA5
BMC Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1186/s12879-025-11598-8
The complement system, a key innate immunity component, is implicated in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Proteomic studies reveal dysregulated complement and coagulation cascades (CCC) proteins in COVID-19, yet comprehensive analyses remain limited. This bioinformatics study analyzed proteomic data (from inception to January 13, 2025) across Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and Wiley Online Library using keywords "complement and coagulation cascades", "COVID-19", and "proteomics". Included studies compared differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in COVID-19 patients versus healthy controls. Two reviewers independently extracted data. DEPs were analyzed via R (v4.4.2), Stata (v14), and STRING (v12.0). Twenty studies identified 3,018 DEPs, including 58 CCC-related genes (e.g., FGB, SERPINA5, FGG, F2). Hub genes were identified using MCODE and cytohubba in Cytoscape, and 16 hub genes (e.g., FGB, SERPINA5) were found. Stata confirmed consistent expression of FGB, SERPINA5, FGG, and F2. All of them are the biomarkers of diseases, and are the drug targets except SERPINA5 according to the reports from OpenTargets database. Immunohistochemistry validated FGB upregulation and SERPINA5 downregulation. In summary, CCC pathway proteins are extensively dysregulated in COVID-19. FGB and SERPINA5 are potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, offering insights into severe COVID-19 mechanisms and guiding novel treatment strategies.
Abbreviations
Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by Ethics Committee of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Protocol No. 2023-S077-01, approved on July 4, 2023). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects or their legal next of kin involved in the study.
Consent for publication Not applicable.
Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.
Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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