Comparison of the cardiovascular system, clinical condition, and laboratory results in COVID-19 patients with and without vitamin D insufficiency

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.1186/s12879-022-07438-8", "ISSN": [ "1471-2334" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07438-8", "abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n <jats:p>Serum vitamin D levels may have a protective role against severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Studies have shown that deficiency in vitamin D may be a significant risk factor for poor outcomes. This study aims to compare the outcome and clinical condition of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection considering serum vitamin D levels.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, 202 COVID-19 patients without known cardiovascular disease (reduced ejection fraction, uncontrolled arrhythmia, pericardial effusion, cardiac block, valvular disease, or hypertension) were included. Patients were divided into three groups of insufficient (&lt; 30 ng/mL), normal (30 to 50 ng/mL), and high (&gt; 50 ng/mL) serum vitamin D levels. Clinical outcome was defined as severe if invasive respiratory intervention and ICU admission was required.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n <jats:p>The patients were divided into three groups based on their vitamin D level: 127 cases in the insufficient vitamin D group, 53 cases in the normal vitamin D group, and 22 cases in the high vitamin D group. The mean age of the population study was 56 years. Thirty-four patients had severe clinical outcomes. The distribution of this group was as follows: 21 patients in the insufficient vitamin D group (16.5%), eight patients in the normal vitamin D group (15.1%), and five patients in the high vitamin D group (22.7%); P = 0.74. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of mortality rate (P = 0.46). Moreover, the mean of leukocytes (mean ± SD = 6873.5 ± 4236.2), ESR (mean ± SD = 38.42 ± 26.7), and CPK-MB (mean ± SD = 63 ± 140.7) were higher in the insufficient vitamin D group, but it was not statistically significant (P &gt; 0.05).</jats:p>\n </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n <jats:p>The finding of the present study showed that vitamin D could not make a significant difference in cardiovascular systems, laboratory results, and severity of the disease in COVID-19 patients.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>", "alternative-id": [ "7438" ], "article-number": "441", "assertion": [ { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "Received", "name": "received", "order": 1, "value": "5 November 2021" }, { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "Accepted", "name": "accepted", "order": 2, "value": "3 May 2022" }, { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "First Online", "name": "first_online", "order": 3, "value": "7 May 2022" }, { "group": { "label": "Declarations", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 1 }, { "group": { "label": "Ethics approval and consent to participate", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 2, "value": "This project was approved by the Ethical Committee of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran. The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee as no intervention was done, and informed consent is routinely obtained from the patients at our hospital upon admission to receive medical care and diagnostic procedures." }, { "group": { "label": "Consent for publication", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 3, "value": "Not applicable." }, { "group": { "label": "Competing interests", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 4, "value": "The authors declare no competing interests." } ], "author": [ { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3886-0466", "affiliation": [], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Kazemi", "given": "Erfan", "sequence": "first" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7206-2858", "affiliation": [], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Mansursamaei", "given": "Ali", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-7542", "affiliation": [], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Rohani-Rasaf", "given": "Marzieh", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1632-0511", "affiliation": [], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Sheibani", "given": "Hossein", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "BMC Infectious Diseases", "container-title-short": "BMC Infect Dis", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [ "link.springer.com" ] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 5, 7 ] ], "date-time": "2022-05-07T12:05:08Z", "timestamp": 1651925108000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 5, 7 ] ], "date-time": "2022-05-07T13:02:44Z", "timestamp": 1651928564000 }, "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 5, 7 ] ], "date-time": "2022-05-07T13:41:29Z", "timestamp": 1651930889269 }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issue": "1", "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 5, 7 ] ] }, "journal-issue": { "issue": "1", "published-print": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 12 ] ] } }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "content-version": "tdm", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 5, 7 ] ], "date-time": "2022-05-07T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1651881600000 } }, { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "content-version": "vor", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 5, 7 ] ], "date-time": "2022-05-07T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1651881600000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12879-022-07438-8.pdf", "content-type": "application/pdf", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" }, { "URL": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12879-022-07438-8/fulltext.html", "content-type": "text/html", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" }, { "URL": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12879-022-07438-8.pdf", "content-type": "application/pdf", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "297", "original-title": [], "prefix": "10.1186", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 5, 7 ] ] }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 5, 7 ] ] }, "published-print": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 12 ] ] }, "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "reference": [ { "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0239799", "author": "Z Maghbooli", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "issue": "9", "journal-title": "PLoS ONE", "key": "7438_CR1", "unstructured": "Maghbooli Z, et al. 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