Convalescent Plasma Antibody Levels and the Risk of Death from Covid-19
Michael J Joyner, Rickey E Carter, Jonathon W Senefeld, Stephen A Klassen, John R Mills, Patrick W Johnson, Elitza S Theel, Chad C Wiggins, Katelyn A Bruno, Allan M Klompas, Elizabeth R Lesser, Katie L Kunze, Matthew A Sexton, Juan C Diaz Soto, Sarah E Baker, John R A Shepherd, Noud Van Helmond, Nicole C Verdun, Peter Marks, Camille M Van Buskirk, Jeffrey L Winters, James R Stubbs, Robert F Rea, David O Hodge, Vitaly Herasevich, Emily R Whelan, Andrew J Clayburn, Kathryn F Larson, Juan G Ripoll, Kylie J Andersen, Matthew R Buras, Matthew N P Vogt, Joshua J Dennis, Riley J Regimbal, Philippe R Bauer, Janis E Blair, Nigel S Paneth, Delisa Fairweather, R Scott Wright, Arturo Casadevall
New England Journal of Medicine, doi:10.1056/nejmoa2031893
Convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) under the presumption that such plasma contains potentially therapeutic antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that can be passively transferred to the plasma recipient. Whether convalescent plasma with high antibody levels rather than low antibody levels is associated with a lower risk of death is unknown.
METHODS In a retrospective study based on a U.S. national registry, we determined the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels in convalescent plasma used to treat hospitalized adults with Covid-19. The primary outcome was death within 30 days after plasma transfusion. Patients who were enrolled through July 4, 2020, and for whom data on anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in plasma transfusions and on 30-day mortality were available were included in the analysis.
RESULTS Of the 3082 patients included in this analysis, death within 30 days after plasma transfusion occurred in 115 of 515 patients (22.3%) in the high-titer group, 549 of 2006 patients (27.4%) in the medium-titer group, and 166 of 561 patients (29.6%) in the low-titer group. The association of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels with the risk of death from Covid-19 was moderated by mechanical ventilation status. A lower risk of death within 30 days in the high-titer group than in the low-titer group was observed among patients who had not received mechanical ventilation before transfusion (relative risk, 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48 to 0.91), and no effect on the risk of death was observed among patients who had received mechanical ventilation (relative risk, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.32).
CONCLUSIONS Among patients hospitalized with Covid-19 who were not receiving mechanical ventilation, transfusion of plasma with higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels was associated with a lower risk of death than transfusion of plasma with lower antibody levels.
1026 T h e ne w e ngl a nd jou r na l o f m e dicine Convalescent plasma has also received full or conditional approval in several other countries since that time. Our analyses show that among patients with Covid-19 who were not receiving mechanical ventilation, the transfusion of plasma with high antibody levels was associated with a lower risk of death than the transfusion of plasma with low antibody levels. In addition, patients who received plasma within 3 days after the diagnosis of Covid-19 had a lower risk of death than those who received a transfusion later in the disease course. These data show that the benefit of convalescent plasma was most apparent in patients who received plasma transfusions containing higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies early in the disease course. The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Health and Human Services and its agencies, including the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) and the Food and Drug Administration, as well as any other agency of the U.S. Government. As-sumptions made within and interpretations from the analysis do not necessarily reflect the position of any U.S. Government entity. Supported by a contract (75A50120C00096) from the Department of Health and Human Services, the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, and BARDA; grants (UL1TR002377)..
References
Abolghasemi, Eshghi, Cheraghali, Clinical efficacy of convalescent plasma for treatment of COVID-19 infections: results of a multicenter clinical study, Transfus Apher Sci
Agarwal, Mukherjee, Kumar, Chatterjee, Bhatnagar et al., Convalescent plasma in the management of moderate covid-19 in adults in India: open label phase II multicentre randomised controlled trial (PLACID Trial), BMJ
Altuntas, Ata, Yigenoglu, Convalescent plasma therapy in patients with COVID-19, Transfus Apher Sci
Beigel, Tomashek, Dodd, Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19 -final report, N Engl J Med
Bloch, Shoham, Casadevall, Deployment of convalescent plasma for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, J Clin Invest
Casadevall, Scharff, Return to the past: the case for antibody-based therapies in infectious diseases, Clin Infect Dis
Casadevall, Scharff, Serum therapy revisited: animal models of infection and development of passive antibody therapy, Antimicrob Agents Chemother
Chai, Valk, Piechotta, Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19: a living systematic review, Cochrane Database Syst Rev
Core, R: a language and environment for statistical computing
Donato, Park, Baker, Clinical and laboratory evaluation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia treated with high-titer convalescent plasma: a prospective study,
doi:10.1101/2020.07.20.20156398v3
Duan, Liu, Li, Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Harris, Taylor, Minor, The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners, J Biomed Inform
Harris, Taylor, Thielke, Payne, Gonzalez et al., Research electronic data capture (REDCap) -a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support, J Biomed Inform
Hegerova, Gooley, Sweerus, Use of convalescent plasma in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: case series, Blood
Joyner, Bruno, Klassen, Safety update: COVID-19 convalescent plasma in 20,000 hospitalized patients, Mayo Clin Proc
Joyner, Wright, Fairweather, Early safety indicators of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in 5000 patients, J Clin Invest
Li, Zhang, Hu, Effect of convalescent plasma therapy on time to clinical improvement in patients with severe and life-threatening COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial, JAMA
Liu, Lin, Baine, Convalescent plasma treatment of severe COVID-19: a propensity score-matched control study, Nat Med
Luchsinger, Ransegnola, Jin, Serological assays estimate highly variable SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody activity in recovered COVID-19 patients, J Clin Microbiol
Luke, Casadevall, Watowich, Hoffman, Beigel et al., Hark back: passive immunotherapy for influenza and other serious infections, Crit Care Med
Luke, Kilbane, Jackson, Hoffman, Meta-analysis: convalescent blood products for Spanish influenza pneumonia: a future H5N1 treatment?, Ann Intern Med
Omrani, Zaqout, Baiou, Convalescent plasma for the treatment of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019: a preliminary report, J Med Virol
Perotti, Baldanti, Bruno, Mortality reduction in 46 severe Covid-19 patients treated with hyperimmune plasma: a proof of concept single arm multicenter trial, Haematologica
Rasheed, Fatak, Hashim, Convalescent Plasma and Risk of Death from Covid-19 lescent plasma therapy on treating critically-ill COVID-19 patients residing in respiratory care units in hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq, Infez Med
Rogers, Shehadeh, Mylona, Convalescent plasma for patients with severe COVID-19: a matched cohort study, Clin Infect Dis
Rojek, Horby, Modernising epidemic science: enabling patient-centred research during epidemics, BMC Med
Salazar, Christensen, Graviss, Treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 patients with convalescent plasma reveals a signal of significantly decreased mortality, Am J Pathol
Salazar, Kuchipudi, Christensen, Convalescent plasma anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein ectodomain and receptor-binding domain IgG correlate with virus neutralization, J Clin Invest
Salazar, Perez, Ashraf, Treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with convalescent plasma, Am J Pathol
Spinner, Gottlieb, Criner, Effect of remdesivir vs standard care on clinical status at 11 days in patients with moderate COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial, JAMA
The, Group, Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 -preliminary report, N Engl J Med,
doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2021436
The, Group, Effect of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with Covid-19, N Engl J Med
Theel, Harring, Hilgart, Granger, Performance characteristics of four high-throughput immunoassays for detection of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, J Clin Microbiol
Wang, Zhang, Du, Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial, Lancet
Xia, Li, Wu, Improved clinical symptoms and mortality among patients with severe or critical COVID-19 after convalescent plasma transfusion, Blood
Zeng, Yu, Gou, Effect of convalescent plasma therapy on viral shedding and survival in patients with coronavirus disease 2019, J Infect Dis
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 9]], 'date-time': '2024-09-09T05:52:34Z', 'timestamp': 1725861154666},
'reference-count': 35,
'publisher': 'Massachusetts Medical Society',
'issue': '11',
'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 18]],
'date-time': '2021-03-18T00:00:00Z',
'timestamp': 1616025600000},
'content-version': 'vor',
'delay-in-days': 0,
'URL': 'http://www.nejmgroup.org/legal/terms-of-use.htm'}],
'funder': [ {'name': 'Millennium Pharmaceuticals'}, {'name': 'Octapharma USA, Inc'},
{ 'DOI': '10.13039/100000871',
'name': 'Mayo Clinic',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'id': [{'id': '10.13039/100000871', 'id-type': 'DOI', 'asserted-by': 'publisher'}]},
{ 'DOI': '10.13039/100012399',
'name': 'Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'award': ['75A50120C00096'],
'id': [{'id': '10.13039/100012399', 'id-type': 'DOI', 'asserted-by': 'publisher'}]},
{ 'DOI': '10.13039/100006108',
'name': 'National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'award': ['UL1TR002377'],
'id': [{'id': '10.13039/100006108', 'id-type': 'DOI', 'asserted-by': 'publisher'}]},
{ 'DOI': '10.13039/100000050',
'name': 'National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'award': ['1F32HL154320', '5R35HL139854', 'RO1 HL059842'],
'id': [{'id': '10.13039/100000050', 'id-type': 'DOI', 'asserted-by': 'publisher'}]},
{ 'DOI': '10.13039/501100000038',
'name': 'Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'award': ['PDF-532926-2019'],
'id': [{'id': '10.13039/501100000038', 'id-type': 'DOI', 'asserted-by': 'publisher'}]},
{ 'DOI': '10.13039/100000062',
'name': 'National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'award': ['5T32DK07352'],
'id': [{'id': '10.13039/100000062', 'id-type': 'DOI', 'asserted-by': 'publisher'}]},
{ 'DOI': '10.13039/100000060',
'name': 'National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'award': ['R21 AI145356', 'R21 AI152318', 'R21 AI154927'],
'id': [{'id': '10.13039/100000060', 'id-type': 'DOI', 'asserted-by': 'publisher'}]},
{ 'DOI': '10.13039/100000049',
'name': 'National Institute on Aging',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'award': ['U54AG044170'],
'id': [{'id': '10.13039/100000049', 'id-type': 'DOI', 'asserted-by': 'publisher'}]},
{'name': 'Schwab Charitable Fund'}, {'name': 'UnitedHealth Group'},
{'name': 'National Basketball Association'}],
'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False},
'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 18]]},
'DOI': '10.1056/nejmoa2031893',
'type': 'journal-article',
'created': {'date-parts': [[2021, 1, 13]], 'date-time': '2021-01-13T22:06:15Z', 'timestamp': 1610575575000},
'page': '1015-1027',
'source': 'Crossref',
'is-referenced-by-count': 427,
'title': 'Convalescent Plasma Antibody Levels and the Risk of Death from Covid-19',
'prefix': '10.1056',
'volume': '384',
'author': [ { 'given': 'Michael J.',
'family': 'Joyner',
'sequence': 'first',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-273X',
'authenticated-orcid': False,
'given': 'Rickey E.',
'family': 'Carter',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8116-3538',
'authenticated-orcid': False,
'given': 'Jonathon W.',
'family': 'Senefeld',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Stephen A.',
'family': 'Klassen',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1025-4760',
'authenticated-orcid': False,
'given': 'John R.',
'family': 'Mills',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Patrick W.',
'family': 'Johnson',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Elitza S.',
'family': 'Theel',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Chad C.',
'family': 'Wiggins',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Katelyn A.',
'family': 'Bruno',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Allan M.',
'family': 'Klompas',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Elizabeth R.',
'family': 'Lesser',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Katie L.',
'family': 'Kunze',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Matthew A.',
'family': 'Sexton',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Juan C.',
'family': 'Diaz Soto',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Sarah E.',
'family': 'Baker',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'John R.A.',
'family': 'Shepherd',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Noud',
'family': 'van Helmond',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Nicole C.',
'family': 'Verdun',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5619-4404',
'authenticated-orcid': False,
'given': 'Peter',
'family': 'Marks',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Camille M.',
'family': 'van Buskirk',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Jeffrey L.',
'family': 'Winters',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'James R.',
'family': 'Stubbs',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Robert F.',
'family': 'Rea',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'David O.',
'family': 'Hodge',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Vitaly',
'family': 'Herasevich',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Emily R.',
'family': 'Whelan',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Andrew J.',
'family': 'Clayburn',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Kathryn F.',
'family': 'Larson',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Juan G.',
'family': 'Ripoll',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Kylie J.',
'family': 'Andersen',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Matthew R.',
'family': 'Buras',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Matthew N.P.',
'family': 'Vogt',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Joshua J.',
'family': 'Dennis',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Riley J.',
'family': 'Regimbal',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8429-3581',
'authenticated-orcid': False,
'given': 'Philippe R.',
'family': 'Bauer',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Janis E.',
'family': 'Blair',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'Nigel S.',
'family': 'Paneth',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'DeLisa',
'family': 'Fairweather',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'given': 'R. Scott',
'family': 'Wright',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]},
{ 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9402-9167',
'authenticated-orcid': False,
'given': 'Arturo',
'family': 'Casadevall',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative '
'Medicine (M.J.J., J.W.S., S.A.K., C.C.W., A.M.K., M.A.S., '
'J.C.D.S., S.E.B., J.R.A.S., V.H., A.J.C., J.G.R., K.J.A., '
'M.N.P.V., J.J.D., R.J.R.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology '
'(J.R.M., E.S.T., C.M.B., J.L.W., J.R.S.), and Cardiovascular '
'Medicine (R.F.R., K.F.L., R.S.W.), the Human Research Protection '
'Program (R.S.W.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, '
'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.R.B.), Mayo '
'Clinic, Rochester, MN; the...'}]}],
'member': '150',
'reference': [ {'key': 'r1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181d44c1e'},
{'key': 'r2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1128/AAC.38.8.1695'},
{'key': 'r3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1093/clinids/21.1.150'},
{ 'key': 'r4',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'DOI': '10.7326/0003-4819-145-8-200610170-00139'},
{ 'key': 'r5',
'first-page': 'CD013600',
'volume': '10',
'author': 'Chai KL',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Cochrane Database Syst Rev'},
{'key': 'r7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.10044'},
{'key': 'r8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.05.014'},
{ 'key': 'r9',
'first-page': '357',
'volume': '28',
'author': 'Rasheed AM',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Infez Med'},
{'key': 'r12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmj.m3939'},
{'key': 'r13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1073/pnas.2004168117'},
{'key': 'r14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3324/haematol.2020.261784'},
{'key': 'r15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.26537'},
{'key': 'r16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1182/blood.2020006964'},
{'key': 'r17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1093/infdis/jiaa228'},
{'key': 'r20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1182/blood.2020007079'},
{'key': 'r21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.transci.2020.102875'},
{'key': 'r22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciaa1548'},
{'key': 'r23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.transci.2020.103017'},
{'key': 'r24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.028'},
{'key': 'r25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1172/JCI140200'},
{'key': 'r26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1172/JCI138745'},
{'key': 'r27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1128/JCM.01243-20'},
{'key': 'r28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1172/JCI141206'},
{'key': 'r29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1128/JCM.02005-20'},
{'key': 'r30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103208'},
{'key': 'r31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010'},
{'key': 'r32', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2007764'},
{'key': 'r33', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2022926'},
{'key': 'r34', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2021436'},
{ 'key': 'r35',
'unstructured': 'R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. '
'Vienna: Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2013.'},
{'key': 'r36', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31022-9'},
{'key': 'r37', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.16349'},
{'key': 'r38', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.08.001'},
{'key': 'r39', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41591-020-1088-9'},
{'key': 'r40', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12916-016-0760-x'}],
'container-title': 'New England Journal of Medicine',
'original-title': [],
'language': 'en',
'link': [ { 'URL': 'http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa2031893',
'content-type': 'unspecified',
'content-version': 'vor',
'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}],
'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 17]],
'date-time': '2021-03-17T21:02:30Z',
'timestamp': 1616014950000},
'score': 1,
'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2031893'}},
'subtitle': [],
'short-title': [],
'issued': {'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 18]]},
'references-count': 35,
'journal-issue': {'issue': '11', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 18]]}},
'alternative-id': ['10.1056/NEJMoa2031893'],
'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2031893',
'relation': { 'has-review': [ { 'id-type': 'doi',
'id': '10.3410/f.739354207.793584328',
'asserted-by': 'object'}]},
'ISSN': ['0028-4793', '1533-4406'],
'subject': [],
'container-title-short': 'N Engl J Med',
'published': {'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 18]]}}