Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Monoclonals
Mpro inhibitors
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Quercetin
RdRp inhibitors
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
 
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchProton Pump InhibitorsPPIs (more..)
Metformin Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Quercetin Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta
Ivermectin Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Melatonin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis       

Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Children

Hirsch et al., The Journal of Pediatrics, doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179
Jun 2024  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Hospitalization 15% Improvement Relative Risk Case 15% Proton Pump Inhibitors  Hirsch et al.  Prophylaxis Is prophylaxis with proton pump inhibitors beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 116,209 patients in the USA Fewer cases with proton pump inhibitors (p=0.002) c19early.org Hirsch et al., The J. Pediatrics, June 2024 FavorsPPIs Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
PPIs for COVID-19
1st treatment shown to increase risk in September 2020, now with p = 0.000000048 from 40 studies.
5,300+ studies for 116 treatments. c19early.org
Retrospective 116,209 pediatric patients showing lower risk of COVID-19 with PPI use. There was no significant difference for hospitalization.
Standard of Care (SOC): SOC for COVID-19 in the study country, the USA, is very poor with very low average efficacy for approved treatments1. Only expensive, high-profit treatments were approved. Low-cost treatments were excluded, reducing the probability of treatment—especially early—due to access and cost barriers, and eliminating complementary and synergistic benefits seen with many low-cost treatments.
risk of hospitalization, 15.0% lower, RR 0.85, p = 0.27, adjusted per study, multivariable.
risk of case, 15.0% lower, RR 0.85, p = 0.002.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Hirsch et al., 27 Jun 2024, retrospective, USA, peer-reviewed, 3 authors.
This PaperPPIsAll
DOI record: { "DOI": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179", "ISSN": [ "0022-3476" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179", "alternative-id": [ "S0022347624002828" ], "article-number": "114179", "assertion": [ { "label": "This article is maintained by", "name": "publisher", "value": "Elsevier" }, { "label": "Article Title", "name": "articletitle", "value": "Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Children" }, { "label": "Journal Title", "name": "journaltitle", "value": "The Journal of Pediatrics" }, { "label": "CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version", "name": "articlelink", "value": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179" }, { "label": "Content Type", "name": "content_type", "value": "article" }, { "label": "Copyright", "name": "copyright", "value": "© 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies." } ], "author": [ { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5656-6220", "affiliation": [], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Hirsch", "given": "Suzanna", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Liu", "given": "Enju", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Rosen", "given": "Rachel", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "The Journal of Pediatrics", "container-title-short": "The Journal of Pediatrics", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": true, "domain": [ "clinicalkey.fr", "clinicalkey.jp", "clinicalkey.com.au", "clinicalkey.es", "jpeds.com", "clinicalkey.com", "elsevier.com", "sciencedirect.com" ] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 6, 28 ] ], "date-time": "2024-06-28T06:55:46Z", "timestamp": 1719557746000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 7, 19 ] ], "date-time": "2024-07-19T00:45:19Z", "timestamp": 1721349919000 }, "funder": [ { "DOI": "10.13039/100014899", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "name": "American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society" }, { "DOI": "10.13039/100000002", "award": [ "K23DK137036-01", "R01 DK097112-01" ], "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "name": "National Institutes of Health" } ], "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 7, 19 ] ], "date-time": "2024-07-19T01:10:40Z", "timestamp": 1721351440849 }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 11 ] ] }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/", "content-version": "tdm", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 11, 1 ] ], "date-time": "2024-11-01T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1730419200000 } }, { "URL": "https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license", "content-version": "tdm", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 11, 1 ] ], "date-time": "2024-11-01T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1730419200000 } }, { "URL": "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/", "content-version": "am", "delay-in-days": 259, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 7, 18 ] ], "date-time": "2025-07-18T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1752796800000 } }, { "URL": "https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-017", "content-version": "stm-asf", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 11, 1 ] ], "date-time": "2024-11-01T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1730419200000 } }, { "URL": "https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037", "content-version": "stm-asf", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 11, 1 ] ], "date-time": "2024-11-01T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1730419200000 } }, { "URL": "https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-012", "content-version": "stm-asf", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 11, 1 ] ], "date-time": "2024-11-01T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1730419200000 } }, { "URL": "https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029", "content-version": "stm-asf", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 11, 1 ] ], "date-time": "2024-11-01T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1730419200000 } }, { "URL": "https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-004", "content-version": "stm-asf", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 11, 1 ] ], "date-time": "2024-11-01T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1730419200000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0022347624002828?httpAccept=text/xml", "content-type": "text/xml", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" }, { "URL": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0022347624002828?httpAccept=text/plain", "content-type": "text/plain", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" } ], "member": "78", "original-title": [], "page": "114179", "prefix": "10.1016", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 11 ] ] }, "published-print": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 11 ] ] }, "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "reference": [ { "DOI": "10.1097/MPG.0b013e31812e0149", "article-title": "Proton pump inhibitor utilization patterns in infants", "author": "Barron", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "7", "journal-title": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib1", "volume": "45", "year": "2007" }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jama.2018.5690", "article-title": "Trends in prescription medication use among children and adolescents—United States, 1999-2014", "author": "Hales", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "2009", "journal-title": "JAMA", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib2", "volume": "319", "year": "2018" }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.2900", "article-title": "Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of serious infections in young children", "author": "Lassalle", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1028", "journal-title": "JAMA Pediatr", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib3", "volume": "177", "year": "2023" }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0007", "article-title": "Association between proton pump inhibitor use and risk of fracture in children", "author": "Wang", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "543", "journal-title": "JAMA Pediatr", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib4", "volume": "174", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.5193", "article-title": "Prenatal and infant exposure to acid-suppressive medications and risk of allergic diseases in children", "author": "Noh", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "267", "journal-title": "JAMA Pediatr", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib5", "volume": "177", "year": "2023" }, { "DOI": "10.1017/S0950268817000528", "article-title": "Proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for norovirus infection", "author": "Prag", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1617", "journal-title": "Epidemiol Infect", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib6", "volume": "145", "year": "2017" }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.16205", "article-title": "Association between acute gastroenteritis and continuous use of proton pump inhibitors during winter periods of highest circulation of enteric viruses", "author": "Vilcu", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "journal-title": "JAMA Netw Open", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib7", "volume": "2", "year": "2019" }, { "DOI": "10.1099/0022-1317-66-12-2725", "article-title": "Rapid inactivation of rotaviruses by exposure to acid buffer or acidic gastric juice", "author": "Weiss", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "2725", "journal-title": "J Gen Virol", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib8", "volume": "66", "year": "1985" }, { "DOI": "10.1126/sciadv.aao4966", "article-title": "Human intestinal tract serves as an alternative infection route for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus", "author": "Zhou", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "journal-title": "Sci Adv", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib9", "volume": "3", "year": "2017" }, { "DOI": "10.1007/s005350200003", "article-title": "Detection of type B influenza virus genes from biopsied gastric mucosa", "author": "Hayase", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "101", "journal-title": "J Gastroenterol", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib10", "volume": "37", "year": "2002" }, { "DOI": "10.1542/peds.2021-053418", "article-title": "Risk factors for severe COVID-19 in children", "author": "Woodruff", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "journal-title": "Pediatrics", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib12", "volume": "149", "year": "2022" }, { "article-title": "Risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalization in school-age children", "author": "O'Neill", "journal-title": "Health Serv Res Manag Epidemiol", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib13", "volume": "9", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1038/s41591-021-01627-9", "article-title": "Risk factors for PICU admission and death among children and young people hospitalized with COVID-19 and PIMS-TS in England during the first pandemic year", "author": "Ward", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "193", "journal-title": "Nat Med", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib14", "volume": "28", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.3390/tropicalmed7030037", "article-title": "The use of proton pump inhibitors and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "author": "Fatima", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "37", "journal-title": "Trop Med Infect Dis", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib15", "volume": "7", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1007/s43440-021-00263-x", "article-title": "Proton pump inhibitor on susceptibility to COVID-19 and its severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "author": "Pranata", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1642", "journal-title": "Pharmacol Rep", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib16", "volume": "73", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1053/j.gastro.2021.02.028", "article-title": "Lack of consistent associations between pharmacologic gastric acid suppression and adverse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: meta-analysis of observational studies", "author": "Kamal", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "2588", "journal-title": "Gastroenterology", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib17", "volume": "160", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.dld.2020.10.001", "article-title": "Proton pump inhibitor use is associated with increased risk of severity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection", "author": "Hariyanto", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1410", "journal-title": "Dig Liver Dis", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib18", "volume": "52", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.03.004", "article-title": "Proton pump inhibitors: current use and the risk of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 development and its related mortality. Meta-analysis", "author": "Toubasi", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "656", "journal-title": "Arch Med Res", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib19", "volume": "52", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.cgh.2021.05.011", "article-title": "Proton pump inhibitor use is not strongly associated with SARS-CoV-2 related outcomes: a nationwide study and meta-analysis", "author": "Israelsen", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1845", "journal-title": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib20", "volume": "19", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323366", "article-title": "Do proton pump inhibitors influence SARS-CoV-2 related outcomes? A meta-analysis", "author": "Li", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1806", "journal-title": "Gut", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib21", "volume": "70", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1186/1471-2431-14-199", "article-title": "Pediatric complex chronic conditions classification system version 2: updated for ICD-10 and complex medical technology dependence and transplantation", "author": "Feudtner", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "199", "journal-title": "BMC Pediatr", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib22", "volume": "14", "year": "2014" }, { "DOI": "10.3390/pharmaceutics13091514", "article-title": "Exploring drugs and vaccines associated with altered risks and severity of COVID-19: a UK Biobank cohort study of all ATC level-4 drug categories reveals repositioning opportunities", "author": "Xiang", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1514", "journal-title": "Pharmaceutics", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib23", "volume": "13", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1007/s00228-021-03255-1", "article-title": "Acid suppressant use in association with incidence and severe outcomes of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "author": "Kim", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "383", "journal-title": "Eur J Clin Pharmacol", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib24", "volume": "78", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322248", "article-title": "Severe clinical outcomes of COVID-19 associated with proton pump inhibitors: a nationwide cohort study with propensity score matching", "author": "Lee", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "76", "journal-title": "Gut", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib25", "volume": "70", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1186/s44149-021-00003-x", "article-title": "Roles of bile acids in enteric virus replication", "author": "Kong", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "2", "journal-title": "Anim Dis", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib26", "volume": "1", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.3390/v14050950", "article-title": "Role of microbiota in viral infections and pathological progression", "author": "Mizutani", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "950", "journal-title": "Viruses", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib27", "volume": "14", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.tim.2019.08.001", "article-title": "The gut microbiota in the first decade of life", "author": "Derrien", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "997", "journal-title": "Trends Microbiol", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib28", "volume": "27", "year": "2019" }, { "DOI": "10.12659/MSM.928214", "article-title": "Developmental patterns of fecal bile acids in healthy neonates and children", "author": "Xiong", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "journal-title": "Med Sci Monit", "key": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179_bib29", "volume": "27", "year": "2021" } ], "reference-count": 28, "references-count": 28, "relation": {}, "resource": { "primary": { "URL": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022347624002828" } }, "score": 1, "short-title": [], "source": "Crossref", "special_numbering": "C", "subject": [], "subtitle": [], "title": "Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Children", "type": "journal-article", "update-policy": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy", "volume": "274" }
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit