Association of dietary inflammatory index and the SARS-CoV-2 infection incidence, severity and mortality of COVID-19: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 2, 21]], 'date-time': '2024-02-21T00:28:25Z', 'timestamp': 1708475305150}, 'reference-count': 45, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 2, 20]], 'date-time': '2024-02-20T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1708387200000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 2, 20]], 'date-time': '2024-02-20T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1708387200000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Several studies have reported the association between dietary ' 'inflammatory index (DII) and the SARS-CoV-2 infection risk, severity or mortality of ' 'COVID-19, however, the outcomes remain controversial.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Objective</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>We sought to examine whether a dose-response association of DII and ' 'SARS-CoV-2 infection exists.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Design</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>A dose-response meta-analysis was performed to investigate the ' 'association of DII and SARS-CoV-2 infection. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, ' 'Embase and Web of Science up to March 15th, 2023. The odds ratios (OR) of DII and COVID-19 ' 'risk and severity were computed.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Totally, 5 studies were included (1 from UK and 4 from Iran), ' 'consisting of 197,929 participants with 12,081 COVID-19 cases. Although there was ' 'heterogeneity among studies, the results indicated that higher DII was independently related ' 'to higher SARS-CoV-2 infection incidence (OR\u2009=\u20091.57, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.17) and ' 'COVID-19 severity (OR\u2009=\u20091.11, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.15) but not COVID-19 mortality (risk ' 'ratio\u2009=\u20091.13, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.27). The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection increased ' 'by 31% for each 1-point increase in the E-DII (OR\u2009=\u20091.31, 95% CI: 1.20, ' '1.43).</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>This meta-analysis suggests that an elevated DII score is associated ' 'with increased SARS-CoV-2 infectious risk and severity of COVID-19. There were not enough ' 'studies on COVID-19 mortality. Further large prospective studies in different countries are ' 'warranted to validate our results.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12937-024-00927-3', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 2, 20]], 'date-time': '2024-02-20T03:02:24Z', 'timestamp': 1708398144000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Association of dietary inflammatory index and the SARS-CoV-2 infection incidence, severity and ' 'mortality of COVID-19: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis', 'prefix': '10.1186', 'volume': '23', 'author': [ {'given': 'Xuanyu', 'family': 'Hao', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Shiwen', 'family': 'Li', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Yanmin', 'family': 'Yang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Huixu', 'family': 'Dai', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Yumeng', 'family': 'Yan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Dongyang', 'family': 'Li', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 2, 20]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '927_CR1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '408', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41586-021-04188-6', 'volume': '600', 'author': 'J Li', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Li J, Lai S. 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