HLA Polymorphisms and COVID‐19 Susceptibility and Severity: Insights From an Iranian Patients Cohort
Pooria Hakimi, Kasra Arbabi Zaboli, Mohammadreza Golbabapour‐samakoush, Susan Azizimohammadi, Fatemeh Soleimani, Mohammad Hosein Salmani, Ladan Teimoori‐toolabi
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, doi:10.1111/jcmm.70570
The HLA system is a crucial immune response component against infectious agents, including SARS-CoV-2. Certain polymorphisms may impart varying levels of protection or vulnerability to COVID-19. This research aims to understand the possible relationship between HLA polymorphisms and the susceptibility to COVID-19 and its severity. We recruited 290 hospitalised Iranian COVID-19 patients (130 severe and 160 moderate). Using PCR-SSP methods, we conducted a detailed analysis of polymorphisms in HLA class I (HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) and II (HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1) molecules at low resolution. The study found that certain HLA alleles, including HLA-B*49, HLA-B*52, HLA-C*12, HLA-DRB1*04, and HLA-DQB1*05, were associated with disease susceptibility. Additionally, HLA-A*23, DRB1*10, and DRB1*13 were indicators of disease severity. The study also noted that individuals carrying the HLA-A*23 allele showed a significant decrease in lymphocyte levels and an elevated likelihood of developing thrombosis. We hypothesise that a maladaptive immune response may occur based on these findings. This might be due to the strong affinity of the HLA-A*23 allele group for presenting a wide range of SARS-CoV-2 peptides. Such a presentation possibly leads to a cytokine storm, followed by lymphocyte apoptosis and an increase in platelet count.
Author Contributions Pooria Hakimi: conceptualization (supporting), data curation (lead), formal analysis (lead), methodology (supporting), validation (supporting), writing -original draft (supporting). Kasra Arbabi Zaboli: data curation (lead), formal analysis (lead), methodology (lead), software (lead), validation (lead), writing -original draft (lead). Mohammadreza Golbabapour-Samakoush: formal analysis (supporting), investigation (supporting). Susan Azizimohammadi: investigation (supporting), resources (supporting). Fatemeh Soleimani: software (supporting), validation (supporting). Mohammad Hosein Salmani: data curation (supporting), formal analysis (supporting). Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi: conceptualization (lead), funding acquisition (lead), project administration (lead), resources (lead), supervision (lead), writing -review and editing (lead).
Ethics Statement The study protocol and amendments were approved by the Ethics Committee of the National Institute of Medical Research Development (NIMAD) (IR.NIMAD.REC.1399.088). All patients have signed the informed consent.
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Supporting Information Additional supporting information can be found online in the Supporting Information section.
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