FGFR signaling and neddylation facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection by modulating interferon induction and viral entry, respectively

Felix-Lopez et al., iScience, doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.114566, Dec 2025
In vitro and mouse study showing that inhibitors of neddylation (MLN4924, TAS4464) and FGFR signaling (BGJ398, binimetinib) significantly reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting host dependency factors.
Felix-Lopez et al., 29 Dec 2025, Canada, peer-reviewed, 16 authors. Contact: lopezoro@ualberta.ca (corresponding author), lopezoro@ualberta.ca (corresponding author), anil.kumar@usask.ca, thobman@ualberta.ca.
FGFR signaling and neddylation facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection by modulating interferon induction and viral entry, respectively
Alberto Felix-Lopez, Joaquin Lopez-Orozco, Mohamed Elaish, Nawell Fayad, Zaikun Xu, Tekeleselassie Woldemariam, Bardes B Hassan, Rashmi Panigrahi, Juveriya Qamar Khan, Megha Rohamare, Irv Mayers, J N Mark Glover, Joyce A Wilson, Darryl Falzarano, Anil Kumar, Tom C Hobman
iScience, doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.114566
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19, and although vaccines have reduced disease severity, emerging variants remain a significant public health issue. Broadly effective therapeutics, particularly those targeting host pathways essential for coronavirus infection, are still needed. Here, we used a CRISPR knockout screen to identify druggable host factors required for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The screen revealed NAE1 and FGFR1 as key contributors to infection. Inhibitors, either FDA-approved or those in clinical trials, of these pathways reduced replication of both ancestral and contemporary viral variants. Mechanistic studies showed that FGFR1 promotes viral replication through downstream MEK/ERK signaling, while neddylation appears to support viral entry or infectivity rather than replication itself. In a murine model of severe COVID-19, inhibitors of NAE1 and FGFR1 significantly decreased viral load and lung pathology. These findings support the development of host-targeted antiviral strategies.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS A.F.-L., J.L.-O., A.K., and T.C.H. designed and managed the overall project. A.F.-L. drafted the original manuscript. A.F.-L., J.L.-O., and N.F. performed and analyzed in vitro experiments. A.F.-L., M.E., and Z.X. performed and analyzed in vivo experiments. B.B.H. analyzed the histopathology data. R.P. and J.N.M.G. performed the structural analysis of spike proteins. T.W. and D.F. performed and analyzed the SARS-CoV assays. J.Q.K. performed and analyzed IC 50 experiments. M.R. and J.W. provided SARS-CoV-2 replicon. I.M. provided the normal human bronchial epithelial cells. All authors approved the final version to be published. DECLARATION OF INTERESTS The authors declare no competing interests. STAR★METHODS Detailed methods are provided in the online version of this paper and include the following: Viral molecular clones Viral clones were generated and produced as described in. 38 The mutant virus spike (SpikeΔ9) was generated by mutating the Fragment #8 using the Q5 Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (E0554) from New England Biolabs. Using the following primers: Forward Primer AGAGGTTTGATAACCCTG Reverse Primer TAGCATGGAACCAAGTAAC. SARS-CoV-2 Replicon The CMV promoter driven SARS-CoV-2 delta variant subgenomic replicon was synthesized by Telesis Bio (formerly Codex DNA). Briefly, the replicon was designed by replacing Spike and envelope protein genes with cassettes for Zeocin resistance and nanoluciferase containing an IL-6 signal sequence for..
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