COVID‐19 in Parkinson’s Disease Patients Living in Lombardy, Italy
MD Alfonso Fasano, MD Emanuele Cereda, MD Michela Barichella, MD Erica Cassani, MD Valentina Ferri, MD Anna Lena Zecchinelli, MD Gianni Pezzoli
Movement Disorders, doi:10.1002/mds.28176
Background: It is unknown whether patients with PD are at greater risk of COVID-19, what their risk factors are, and whether their clinical manifestations differ from the general population. Objectives: The study aimed to address all these issues. Methods: In a case-controlled survey, we interviewed 1,486 PD patients attending a single tertiary center in Lombardy, Italy and 1,207 family members (controls). Results: One hundred five (7.1%) and 92 controls (7.6%) were identified as COVID-19 cases. COVID-19 patients were younger, more likely to suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, to be obese, and vitamin D nonsupplemented than unaffected patients. Six patients (5.7%) and 7 family members (7.6%) died from COVID-19. Patients were less likely to report shortness of breath and require hospitalization. Conclusions: In an unselected large cohort of nonadvanced PD patients, COVID-19 risk and mortality did not differ from the general population, but symptoms appeared to be milder. The possible protective role of vitamin D supplementation warrants future studies.
Supporting Data Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher's web-site.
References
Antonini, Leta, Teo, Chaudhuri, Outcome of Parkinson's disease patients affected by COVID-19, Mov Disord,
doi:10.1002/mds.28104Baille, Chenivesse, Perez, Dyspnea: an underestimated symptom in Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism Relat Disord
Baille, Jesus, Perez, Ventilatory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease, J Parkinsons Dis
Carter, Baranauskas, Fly, Considerations for obesity, vitamin D, and physical activity amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, Obesity,
doi:10.1002/oby.22838D'avolio, Avataneo, Manca, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are lower in patients with positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2, Nutrients
Ddp, COVID-19 Italia-Monitoraggio della situazione
Fasano, Antonini, Katzenschlager, Management of advanced therapies in Parkinson's disease patients in times of humanitarian crisis: the COVID-19 experience, Mov Disord Clin Pract
Fasano, Elia, Dallocchio, Predictors of COVID-19 outcome in Parkinson's disease
Filatov, Sharma, Hindi, Espinosa, Neurological complications of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): encephalopathy, Cureus
Gordon, Jang, Bouhaddou, A SARS-CoV-2-human protein-protein interaction map reveals drug targets and potential drug-repurposing, bioRxiv,
doi:10.1101/2020.03.22.002386Grant, Lahore, Mcdonnell, Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths, Nutrients
Grasselli, Zangrillo, Zanella, Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy, JAMA
Helmich, Bloem, The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Parkinson's disease: hidden sorrows and emerging opportunities, J Parkinsons Dis
Huang, Wang, Li, Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, Lancet
Ilie, Stefanescu, Smith, The role of vitamin D in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality, Aging Clin Exp Res,
doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01570-8Jakovac, COVID-19 and vitamin D-Is there a link and an opportunity for intervention?, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
Jarcho, Ingelfinger, Hamel, Agostino, Harrington, Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and Covid-19, N Engl J Med,
doi:10.1056/NEJMe2012924Jayawardena, Sooriyaarachchi, Chourdakis, Jeewandara, Ranasinghe, Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on COVID-19: a review, Diabetes Metab Syndr
Kakodkar, Kaka, Baig, A comprehensive literature review on the clinical presentation, and management of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Cureus
Kittleson, The invisible hand-medical care during the pandemic, N Engl J Med
Ko, Kang, Lee, Levodopa-induced respiratory dysfunction confirmed by levodopa challenge test: a case report, Medicine
Little, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and covid-19, BMJ
Mccartney, Byrne, Optimisation of vitamin D status for enhanced immuno-protection against Covid-19, Ir Med J
Monteiro, Souza-Machado, Valderramas, Melo, The effect of levodopa on pulmonary function in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Clin Ther
Nataf, An alteration of the dopamine synthetic pathway is possibly involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, J Med Virol,
doi:10.1002/jmv.25826Onder, Rezza, Brusaferro, Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy, JAMA,
doi:10.1001/jama.2020.4683Papa, Brundin, Fung, Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Parkinson's disease and movement disorders, Mov Disord Clin Pract
Postuma, Berg, Stern, MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord
Prasad, Holla, Neeraja, Parkinson's disease and COVID-19: perceptions and implications in patients and caregivers, Mov Disord,
doi:10.1002/mds.28088Silberstein, Vitamin D: a simpler alternative to tocilizumab for trial in COVID-19?, Med Hypotheses
Smieszek, Przychodzen, Polymeropoulos, Amantadine disrupts lysosomal gene expression; potential therapy for COVID19, bioRxiv,
doi:10.1101/2020.04.05.026187Torres, Maheswari, Parthasarathy, Ng, Liu et al., Conductance and amantadine binding of a pore formed by a lysineflanked transmembrane domain of SARS coronavirus envelope protein, Protein Sci
Zheng, Peng, Xu, Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, J Infect,
doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.021
