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Does vitamin D status impact mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection?

Marik et al., Med Drug Discov., doi:10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100041
Apr 2020  
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Vitamin D for COVID-19
8th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 122 studies, recognized in 9 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 112 treatments. c19early.org
Analysis of case fatality rates showing that the CFR was significantly greater for Northern states (>40° latitude) compared to Southern States (6.0% vs. 3.5%, p  < 0 .001), although there were some exceptions with individual states.
Marik et al., 28 Apr 2020, preprint, 3 authors.
This PaperVitamin DAll
Does vitamin D status impact mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection?
Paul E Marik, Pierre Kory, Joseph Varon
Medicine in Drug Discovery, doi:10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100041
Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre -including this research content -immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
Conflict of Interest The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
References
Bergman, Lindh, Bjorkhem-Bergman, Vitamin D and respiartory tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, PloS ONE
Berry, Hesketh, Power, Vitamin D status has a linear association with seasonal infections and lung function in British adults, Br J Nutr
Cannell, Vieth, Umhau, Epidemic influenza and vitamin D, Epidemiol Infect
Dancer, Parekh, Lax, Vitamin D deficiency conributes directly to the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Thorax
Daneshkhah, Eshein, Subramanian, The role of vitamin D in suppressing cytokine storm of COVID-19 patients and associated mortality
Ginde, Mansbach, Camargo, Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and upper respiratory tract infection in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Arch Intern Med
Grant, Giovannucci, The possible roles of solar ulraviolet-B radiation and vitamin D in reducing case fatality rates from the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic in the United States, Dermato-Endocrinology
Khare, Godbole, Pawar, Calcitriol [1, 25[OH]2 D3] pre-and posttreatment suppresses inflammatory response to influenza A (H1N1) infection in human lung A549 epithelial cells, Eur J Nutr
Marik Division, of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Mclaughlin, Holick, Aging decreases the capacity of human skin to produce Vitamin D3, J Clin Invest
Orces, Vitamin D status among older adults residing in Littoral and Andes Mountains in Ecuador, Scientific World Journal
Palacios, Gonzalez, Is vitamin D deficiency a major global health problem, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol
Parekh, Thickett, Turner, Vitamin D deficiency and acute lung injury, Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets
Parlak, Erturk, Cag, The effect of inflammatory cytokines and the level of vitamin D on prognosis in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Int J Clin Exp Med
Rezaei, Immunomodulatory effects of Vitamin D in influenza infection, Curr Immunol Rev
Rhodes, Subramanian, Laird, Editorial: low population mortality from COVID-19 in countries south of 35 degrees North -supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity, Aliment Pharmacol Ther
Van Schoor, Lips, Worldwide vitamin D status, Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab
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