Low-field thoracic magnetic stimulation increases peripheral oxygen saturation levels in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 9, 17]], 'date-time': '2023-09-17T11:46:59Z', 'timestamp': 1694951219426}, 'reference-count': 36, 'publisher': 'Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)', 'issue': '40', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 10, 8]], 'date-time': '2021-10-08T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1633651200000}, 'content-version': 'unspecified', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'}], 'funder': [ { 'name': 'Centro de Investigación de Micro y Nanotecnología, Universidad Veracruzana', 'award': ['1']}, { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100003141', 'name': 'Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'award': ['536']}, { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100013395', 'name': 'Sistema Nacional de Investigadores', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'award': ['15566']}, { 'DOI': '10.13039/100012047', 'name': 'Fundación Marcos Moshinsky', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'award': ['1']}, {'name': 'Comité de Internacionalización VIEP BUAP', 'award': ['1']}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 may cause low oxygen ' 'saturation (SpO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) and respiratory failure in patients with coronavirus ' 'disease (COVID-19). Hence, increased SpO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> levels in COVID-19 patients ' 'could be crucial for their quality of life and recovery. This study aimed to demonstrate that ' 'a 30-minute single session of dorsal low-field thoracic magnetic stimulation (LF-ThMS) can be ' 'employed to increase SpO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> levels in COVID-19 patients significantly. ' 'Furthermore, we hypothesized that the variables associated with LF-ThMS, such as frequency, ' 'magnetic flux density, and temperature in the dorsal thorax, might be correlated to ' 'SpO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> levels in these patients.</jats:p>\n' ' <jats:p>Here we employed an LF-ThMS device to noninvasively deliver a pulsed ' 'magnetic field from 100 to 118\u200aHz and 10.5 to 13.1 milliTesla (i.e., 105 to 131 Gauss) ' 'to the dorsal thorax. These values are within the intensity range of several pulsed ' 'electromagnetic field devices employed in physical therapy worldwide. We designed a ' 'single-blind, sham-controlled, crossover study on 5 COVID-19 patients who underwent 2 ' 'sessions of the study (real and sham LF-ThMS) and 12 patients who underwent only the real ' 'LF-ThMS.</jats:p>\n' ' <jats:p>We found a statistically significant positive correlation between ' 'magnetic flux density, frequency, or temperature, associated with the real LF-ThMS and ' 'SpO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> levels in all COVID-19 patients. However, the 5 patients in the ' 'sham-controlled study did not exhibit a significant change in their SpO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> ' 'levels during sham stimulation. The employed frequencies and magnetic flux densities were ' 'safe for the patients. We did not observe adverse events after the LF-ThMS ' 'intervention.</jats:p>\n' ' <jats:p>This study is a proof-of-concept that a single session of LF-ThMS applied ' 'for 30 minutes to the dorsal thorax of 17 COVID-19 patients significantly increased their ' 'SpO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> levels. However, future research will be needed to understand the ' 'physiological mechanisms behind this finding.</jats:p>\n' ' <jats:p>The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04895267, ' 'registered on May 20, 2021) retrospectively registered. ' 'https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04895267.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1097/md.0000000000027444', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2021, 10, 8]], 'date-time': '2021-10-08T13:16:02Z', 'timestamp': 1633698962000}, 'page': 'e27444', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Low-field thoracic magnetic stimulation increases peripheral oxygen saturation levels in ' 'coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients', 'prefix': '10.1097', 'volume': '100', 'author': [ { 'given': 'Saul M.', 'family': 'Dominguez-Nicolas', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Centro de Investigación de Micro y Nanotecnología, Universidad ' 'Veracruzana, Calzada Ruiz Cortines 455 Boca del Rio, Veracruz, ' 'México'}, { 'name': 'Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica, Universidad ' 'Veracruzana, Calzada Ruiz Cortines 455, Boca del Rio, Veracruz, ' 'México'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3277-0101', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Elias', 'family': 'Manjarrez', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de ' 'Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, Colonia San Manuel, Apartado Postal 406, ' 'Puebla, Puebla, México.'}]}], 'member': '276', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2021, 10, 8]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': 'R1-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '474', 'DOI': '10.1002/ddr.21762', 'article-title': 'Review of registered clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19', 'volume': '82', 'author': 'Babaei', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Drug Dev Res'}, { 'key': 'R2-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3906', 'DOI': '10.15419/bmrat.v7i8.620', 'article-title': 'Novel immunogenomic insights of corona virus disease (COVID-19): ' 'available potential immunotherapeutics, current challenges, immune cell ' 'recognition and ongoing managerial strategies', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Haneef', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Biomed Res Ther'}, { 'key': 'R3-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '100061', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100061', 'article-title': 'Therapeutic management of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Tobaiqy', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Infect Prev Pract'}, { 'key': 'R4-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '584956', 'DOI': '10.3389/fphar.2020.584956', 'article-title': 'A review of treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): ' 'therapeutic repurposing and unmet clinical needs', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Chen', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Front Pharmacol'}, { 'key': 'R5-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '955', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijerph18030955', 'article-title': 'The history, efficacy, and safety of potential therapeutics: a ' 'narrative overview of the complex life of COVID-19', 'volume': '18', 'author': 'Daou', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Int J Environ Res Public Health'}, { 'key': 'R6-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '906', 'DOI': '10.1111/joim.13223', 'article-title': 'Cyclosporine A plus low-dose steroid treatment in COVID-19 improves ' 'clinical outcomes in patients with moderate to severe disease: a pilot ' 'study', 'volume': '289', 'author': 'Gálvez-Romero', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Intern Med'}, { 'key': 'R7-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '229', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.018', 'article-title': 'Union is strength: antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs for COVID-19', 'volume': '26', 'author': 'Naveja', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Drug Discov Today'}, { 'key': 'R8-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '469', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.brs.2013.01.004', 'article-title': 'A consensus panel review of central nervous system effects of the ' 'exposure to low-intensity extremely low-frequency magnetic fields', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'Di Lazzaro', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Brain Stimul'}, { 'key': 'R9-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '467', 'DOI': '10.1098/rsif.2009.0205', 'article-title': 'Low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field exposure can alter ' 'neuroprocessing in humans', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Robertson', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'J R Soc Interface'}, { 'key': 'R10-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '367', 'DOI': '10.1002/bem.20113', 'article-title': 'Resting EEG effects during exposure to a pulsed ELF magnetic field', 'volume': '26', 'author': 'Cook', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'Bioelectromagnetics'}, { 'key': 'R11-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '732', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0022-5223(19)36706-6', 'article-title': 'Tolerance of the isolated perfused lung to hyperthermia', 'volume': '101', 'author': 'Rickaby', 'year': '1991', 'journal-title': 'J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg'}, { 'key': 'R12-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '167', 'DOI': '10.1016/1010-7940(92)90212-G', 'article-title': 'Lung tolerance to hyperthermia by in vivo perfusion', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'Cowen', 'year': '1992', 'journal-title': 'Eur J Cardiothorac Surg'}, { 'key': 'R13-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '292', 'DOI': '10.12688/f1000research.23299.1', 'article-title': 'Turning up the heat on COVID-19: heat as a therapeutic intervention', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Cohen', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'F1000Res'}, { 'key': 'R14-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '137', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0079-6123(06)62008-6', 'article-title': 'The effect of induced hyperthermia on the immune system', 'volume': '162', 'author': 'Dieing', 'year': '2007', 'journal-title': 'Prog Brain Res'}, { 'key': 'R15-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '137', 'DOI': '10.1007/s12026-009-8115-8', 'article-title': 'Diverse immune mechanisms may contribute to the survival benefit seen ' 'in cancer patients receiving hyperthermia', 'volume': '46', 'author': 'Peer', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'Immunol Res'}, { 'key': 'R17-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '060601', 'DOI': '10.1063/5.0020782', 'article-title': 'A predictive model of the temperature-dependent inactivation of ' 'coronaviruses', 'volume': '117', 'author': 'Yap', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Appl Phys Lett'}, { 'key': 'R18-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '110363', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110363', 'article-title': 'Hydrothermotherapy in prevention and treatment of mild to moderate ' 'cases of COVID-19', 'volume': '146', 'author': 'Ramirez', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Med Hypotheses'}, { 'key': 'R19-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e926779', 'DOI': '10.12659/AJCR.926779', 'article-title': 'A 57-year-old African American man with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who ' 'responded to supportive photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT): first use of ' 'PBMT in COVID-19', 'volume': '21', 'author': 'Sigman', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Am J Case Rep'}, { 'key': 'R20-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1927', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00134-020-06182-4', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 Early Prone Position Study Group. Efficacy of early prone ' 'position for COVID-19 patients with severe hypoxia: a single-center ' 'prospective cohort study', 'volume': '46', 'author': 'Zang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Intensive Care Med'}, { 'key': 'R22-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1173', 'DOI': '10.1093/annonc/mdf280', 'article-title': 'Heating the patient: a promising approach?', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Zee', 'year': '2002', 'journal-title': 'Ann Oncol'}, { 'key': 'R23-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '487', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1470-2045(02)00818-5', 'article-title': 'Hyperthermia in combined treatment of cancer', 'volume': '3', 'author': 'Wust', 'year': '2002', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Oncol'}, { 'key': 'R24-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '831', 'DOI': '10.3389/fphar.2018.00831', 'article-title': 'Biologically targeted magnetic hyperthermia: potential and limitations', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Chang', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Front Pharmacol'}, { 'key': 'R25-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '565', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8', 'article-title': 'Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: ' 'implications for virus origins and receptor binding', 'volume': '395', 'author': 'Lu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'key': 'R26-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '221', 'DOI': '10.1080/22221751.2020.1719902', 'article-title': 'Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus ' 'isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Chan', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Emerg Microbes Infect'}, { 'key': 'R27-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1141', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41401-020-0485-4', 'article-title': 'Structural and functional properties of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: ' 'potential antivirus drug development for COVID-19', 'volume': '41', 'author': 'Huang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Acta Pharmacol Sin'}, { 'key': 'R28-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '587317', 'DOI': '10.3389/fmicb.2020.587317', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 nsp1: bioinformatics, potential structural and functional ' 'features, and implications for drug/vaccine designs', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Min', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Front Microbiol'}, { 'key': 'R29-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1055', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.molcel.2020.10.034', 'article-title': 'Nonstructural protein 1 of SARS-CoV-2 is a potent pathogenicity factor ' 'redirecting host protein synthesis machinery toward viral RNA', 'volume': '80', 'author': 'Yuan', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Mol Cell'}, { 'key': 'R30-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '10616', 'DOI': '10.1021/acsnano.0c04798', 'article-title': 'Enhanced binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to receptor by distal ' 'polybasic cleavage sites', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Qiao', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'ACS Nano'}, { 'key': 'R31-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '5940', 'DOI': '10.1021/es803289w', 'article-title': 'Airborne virus capture and inactivation by an electrostatic particle ' 'collector', 'volume': '43', 'author': 'Kettleson', 'year': '2009', 'journal-title': 'Environ Sci Technol'}, { 'key': 'R32-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '116886', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116886', 'article-title': 'Electrostatic charged nanofiber filter for filtering airborne novel ' 'coronavirus (COVID-19) and nano-aerosols', 'volume': '250', 'author': 'Leung', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Sep Purif Technol'}, { 'key': 'R34-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '157', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.016', 'article-title': 'Emerging hyperthermia applications for pediatric oncology', 'volume': '163–164', 'author': 'Tydings', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Adv Drug Deliv Rev'}, { 'key': 'R35-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '107171', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107171', 'article-title': 'Potential role of interferons in treating COVID-19 patients', 'volume': '90', 'author': 'Haji Abdolvahab', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Int Immunopharmacol'}, { 'key': 'R36-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.035', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is an interferon-stimulated gene in human ' 'airway epithelial cells and is detected in specific cell subsets across ' 'tissues', 'volume': '181', 'author': 'Ziegler', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cell'}, { 'key': 'R37-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '846', 'DOI': '10.1183/09031936.04.00029004', 'article-title': 'Magnetic stimulation for the measurement of respiratory and skeletal ' 'muscle function', 'volume': '24', 'author': 'Man', 'year': '2004', 'journal-title': 'Eur Respir J'}, { 'key': 'R38-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1311', 'DOI': '10.1152/jappl.1989.67.4.1311', 'article-title': 'Cervical magnetic stimulation: a new painless method for bilateral ' 'phrenic nerve stimulation in conscious humans', 'volume': '67', 'author': 'Similowski', 'year': '1989', 'journal-title': 'J Appl Physiol'}, { 'key': 'R39-20230916', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1445', 'DOI': '10.7150/ijms.4732', 'article-title': 'Respiratory magnetogram detected with a MEMS device', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Dominguez-Nicolas', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Int J Med Sci'}], 'container-title': 'Medicine', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/MD.0000000000027444', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 9, 16]], 'date-time': '2023-09-16T07:45:23Z', 'timestamp': 1694850323000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/MD.0000000000027444'}}, 'subtitle': ['A single-blind, sham-controlled, crossover study'], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2021, 10, 8]]}, 'references-count': 36, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '40', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2021]]}}, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000027444', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['0025-7974', '1536-5964'], 'subject': ['General Medicine'], 'published': {'date-parts': [[2021, 10, 8]]}}