Vitamin D in COVID-19
R K Vidyabati Devi, Niangngaih Lian, Thokchom Opendro Singh, Chungkham Rebika Devi
International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research, doi:10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.007
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with clinical outcome ranging from asymptomatic to severe disease, and even death to some. It posed a terrifying challenge to healthcare system worldwide. Several observational and clinical trials has reported that, Vitamin D deficiency has contributed to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Case fatality rate increases with age and comorbidities, both of which are associated with decreased Vitamin D level. Therefore, this study is done to study the prevalence of 25(OH)Vitamin D in RT-PCR positive COVID-19 cases and RT-PCR negative controls. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted at Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences, Manipur on 88 RT-PCR positive Covid-19 cases and 88 COVID-19 negative controls over a period of 2 years. Analysis of the sample was done by Liaison 25(OH) Vitamin D Total Chemiluminescence assay(CLIA). Result: In this study, statistically significant (p-0.018) lower plasma 25(OH)Vitamin D level is seen in COVID-19 positive cases (median 28±20.47) when compared to Covid-19 negative controls(median 33.50±10.66). The number of 25(OH) Vitamin D deficient is higher in Covid-19 positive cases when compared to Covid-19 negative controls -46(52.3%) and 30(34%) respectively with a high statistically significant value (p-0.015). Conclusion: COVID-19 positive cases have higher tendency to have suboptimal plasma 25(OH) Vitamin D level which may contribute to the high hospitalization risk in COVID-19 infection. This finding is important as it can identify population at risk, and contribute to interventions in reducing the risk of hospitalization associated with COVID-19 infection.
References
Alipio, Vitamin D Supplementation Could Possibly Improve Clinical Outcomes of Patients Infected with Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-2019,
doi:10.2139/ssrn.3571484Azrielant, Shoenfeld, Vitamin D and the Immune System, Isr Med Assoc J
Bassatne, Basbous, Chakhtoura, Zein, Rahme et al., The link between COVID-19 and VItamin D (VIVID): A systematic review and meta-analysis, Metabolism,
doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154753Bianconi, Violi, Fallarino, Pignatelli, Sahebkar et al., Is acetylsalicylic acid a safe and potentially useful choice for adult patients with COVID-19?, Drugs
Boucher, The problems of vitamin D insufficiency in older people, Aging Dis
Crane-Godreau, Clem, Payne, Fiering, Vitamin D deficiency and air pollution exacerbate COVID-19 through suppression of antiviral peptide LL37, Front Public Health
D'avolio, Avataneo, Manca, Cusato, Denicolò et al., 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Are Lower in Patients with Positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2, Nutrients
Daniel, Sartory, Zahn, Radeke, Stein, Immune modulatory treatment of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis with calcitriol is associated with a change of a T helper (Th) 1/Th17 to a Th2 and regulatory T cell profile, J Pharmacol Exp Ther
Fabbri, Infante, Ricordi, Editorial -Vitamin D status: a key modulator of innate immunity and natural defense from acute viral respiratory infections, Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci
Hribar, Cobbold, Church, Potential role of vitamin D in the Elderly to resist COVID-19 and to slow progression of Parkinson's disease, Brain Sci,
doi:10.3390/brainsci10050284Jose, Manuel, COVID-19 cytokine storm: the interplay between inflammation and coagulation, Lancet Respir Med
Kara, Ekiz, Ricci, Kara, Chang et al., Scientific Strabismus' or two related pandemics: coronavirus disease and vitamin D deficiency, Br J Nutr
Laird, Rhodes, Kenny, Vitamin D and Inflammation -Potential Implications for Severity of Covid-19, Ir Med J
Mcgonagle, Sharif, 'regan, Bridgewood, The Role of Cytokines including Interleukin-6 in COVID-19 induced Pneumonia and Macrophage Activation Syndrome-Like Disease, Autoimmun Rev,
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102537Raharusun, Priambada, Budiarti, Agung, Budi, Patterns of COVID-19 Mortality and Vitamin D: An Indonesian Study
Rosenthal, Cao, Gundrum, Sianis, Safo, Risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality in a U.S. national sample of patients with COVID-19, JAMA Netw Open,
doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.29058Ye, Tang, Liao, Shaw, Deng et al., Does serum vitamin D level affect COVID-19 infection and its severity? -A casecontrol study, J Am Coll Nutr
