Vitamin D in COVID-19

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 4, 6]], 'date-time': '2023-04-06T05:00:53Z', 'timestamp': 1680757253783}, 'reference-count': 19, 'publisher': 'IP Innovative Publication Pvt Ltd', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 4, 5]], 'date-time': '2023-04-05T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1680652800000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['ijcbr.in', 'ipinnovative.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2023, 4, 28]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus ' 'disease 2019 (COVID-19) with clinical outcome ranging from asymptomatic to severe disease, ' 'and even death to some. It posed a terrifying challenge to healthcare system worldwide. ' 'Several observational and clinical trials has reported that, Vitamin D deficiency has ' 'contributed to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Case fatality rate increases with age and ' 'comorbidities, both of which are associated with decreased Vitamin D level. Therefore, this ' 'study is done to study the prevalence of 25(OH)Vitamin D in RT-PCR positive COVID-19 cases ' 'and RT-PCR negative controls.</jats:p><jats:p>This is a hospital based cross-sectional study ' 'conducted at Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences, Manipur on 88 RT-PCR positive ' 'Covid-19 cases and 88 COVID-19 negative controls over a period of 2 years. Analysis of the ' 'sample was done by Liaison 25(OH) Vitamin D Total Chemiluminescence ' 'assay(CLIA).</jats:p><jats:p>In this study, statistically significant (p-0.018) lower plasma ' '25(OH)Vitamin D level is seen in COVID-19 positive cases (median 28±20.47) when compared to ' 'Covid-19 negative controls(median 33.50±10.66). The number of 25(OH) Vitamin D deficient is ' 'higher in Covid-19 positive cases when compared to Covid-19 negative controls -46(52.3%) and ' '30(34%) respectively with a high statistically significant value ' '(p-0.015).</jats:p><jats:p>COVID-19 positive cases have higher tendency to have suboptimal ' 'plasma 25(OH) Vitamin D level which may contribute to the high hospitalization risk in ' 'COVID-19 infection. This finding is important as it can identify population at risk, and ' 'contribute to interventions in reducing the risk of hospitalization associated with COVID-19 ' 'infection.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.007', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 4, 5]], 'date-time': '2023-04-05T09:05:26Z', 'timestamp': 1680685526000}, 'page': '50-54', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/ip-innovative-publication-crossmark-policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Vitamin D in COVID-19', 'prefix': '10.18231', 'volume': '10', 'author': [ {'given': 'R K Vidyabati', 'family': 'Devi', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8491-4971', 'authenticated-orcid': True, 'given': 'Niangngaih', 'family': 'Lian', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Thokchom Opendro', 'family': 'Singh', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Chungkham Rebika', 'family': 'Devi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '9296', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 4, 15]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': 'ref1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Bianconi V, Violi F, Fallarino F, Pignatelli P, Sahebkar A, Pirro M, Is ' 'acetylsalicylic acid a safe and potentially useful choice for adult ' 'patients with COVID-19?.Drugs 2020;80(14):1383-96', 'DOI': '10.1007/s40265-020-01365-1'}, {'key': 'ref2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.29058'}, {'key': 'ref3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102537'}, { 'key': 'ref4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Jose RJ, Manuel A, COVID-19 cytokine storm: the interplay between ' 'inflammation and coagulation.Lancet Respir Med 2020;8(6):46-7', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30216-2'}, { 'key': 'ref5', 'unstructured': 'Azrielant S, Shoenfeld Y, Vitamin D and the Immune System.Isr Med Assoc ' 'J 2017;19(8):510-1'}, { 'key': 'ref6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Daniel C, Sartory NA, Zahn N, Radeke HH, Stein JM, Immune modulatory ' 'treatment of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis with calcitriol is ' 'associated with a change of a T helper (Th) 1/Th17 to a Th2 and ' 'regulatory T cell profile.J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008;324(1):23-33', 'DOI': '10.1124/jpet.107.127209'}, { 'key': 'ref7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Kara M, Ekiz T, Ricci V, Kara Ö, Chang KV, Özçakar L, Scientific ' 'Strabismus’ or two related pandemics: coronavirus disease and vitamin D ' 'deficiency.Br J Nutr 2020;124(7):736-41', 'DOI': '10.1017/S0007114520001749'}, { 'key': 'ref8', 'unstructured': 'Does serum vitamin D level affect COVID-19 infection and its severity? 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