The association between adherence to unhealthy plant-based diet and risk of COVID-19: a cross-sectional study
Mina Darand, Sahar Golpour-Hamedani, Elham Karimi, Shirin Hassanizadeh, Masoud Mirzaei, Vahid Arabi, Azadeh Nadjarzadeh, Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
BMC Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1186/s12879-024-10115-7
Background The fast spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic and its high mortality were quickly considered by the health community. Dietary patterns play an important role in strengthening or weakening the immune system and thus incidence of diseases. Aim The present study can provide a comprehensive picture of the association between adherence to unhealthy plant-based diet (uPDI) and COVID-19 incidence.
Methods This study was undertaken on 8157 adults' participants of the Yazd Health Study (YaHS) and Taghzieh Mardom-e-Yazd (TAMIZ) study aged 20 to 70 years. Data on dietary intakes were obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between uPDI and COVID-19.
Results We found a significant association between uPDI and the risk of COVID-19 (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.05-1.75) in the crude model. After adjusting potential confounders, a significant increasing trend in the odds of COVID-19 across increasing quintiles of uPDI (OR: 1.58;95% CI: 1.05-2.37; P-value: 0.027) was observed. Stratified analysis based on sex indicated that uPDI significantly increased the risk of COVID-19 only in males (OR: 1.73;95% CI: 1.12-2.67; P-value: 0.012) and had no effect on females. Conclusions Participants in the highest quintiles of the uPDI had 58% higher odds of COVID-19 compared to subjects in the lowest quintile of uPDI. Although our study has promising results, stronger clinical studies are needed.
Author contributions M.H. supervision, study concept and design analysis of data, review and editing and M.D. drafting the manuscript and SH.H. analysis of data, statistical analysis and S.G. and E.K. writing the manuscript and M.M. revising the manuscript and V.A. and A.N. revising and final approval of the version to be submitted. All authors reviewed the manuscript and approved the final manuscript submitted for publication.
Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The protocol of the current study was also approved by the ethics committee of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences (IR.SSU.SPH.REC.1403.145). An informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardian(s).
Consent for publication Not applicable.
Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.
Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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