Effects of an 8‐week high‐dose vitamin D supplementation on fatigue and neuropsychiatric manifestations in post‐COVID syndrome: A randomized controlled trial

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 29]], 'date-time': '2024-07-29T04:10:38Z', 'timestamp': 1722226238722}, 'reference-count': 86, 'publisher': 'Wiley', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 28]], 'date-time': '2024-07-28T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1722124800000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100005790', 'name': 'Thammasat University', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'award': ['2‐34/2565']}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['onlinelibrary.wiley.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'abstract': '<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim</jats:title><jats:p>This study evaluated the effectiveness of ' 'high‐dose vitamin D supplementation in alleviating fatigue and neuropsychiatric symptoms in ' 'post‐COVID syndrome.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>In ' 'an 8‐week, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial, 80 patients with post‐COVID ' 'fatigue or neuropsychiatric symptoms were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to ' 'receive either 60,000 IU of vitamin D weekly (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>\u2009=\u200940) or ' 'a placebo (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>\u2009=\u200940) for 8\u2009weeks. Clinical outcomes ' 'were assessed using the 11‐item Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFQ‐11); 21‐item Depression, Anxiety, ' "and Stress Scale (DASS‐21); Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); Addenbrooke's Cognitive " 'Examination III (ACE); and Trail Making Test A and B (TMT‐A and TMT‐B). Baseline and 8‐week ' 'measurements of inflammatory markers, including interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and C‐reactive protein ' '(CRP), were also ' 'collected.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Significant ' 'improvements were found in the vitamin D group for CFQ (coefficient −3.5, ' '<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.024), DASS‐anxiety (−2.0, ' '<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011), and ACE (2.1, ' '<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012). No significant differences were observed in ' 'PSQI, DASS‐depression, TMT, IL‐6, or CRP levels. The incidence of adverse events was ' 'comparable between groups, with no serious adverse events ' 'reported.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>High‐dose ' 'vitamin D supplementation may benefit patients with post‐COVID syndrome by reducing fatigue, ' 'alleviating anxiety, and improving cognitive symptoms, with minimal side ' 'effects.</jats:p></jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1111/pcn.13716', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 29]], 'date-time': '2024-07-29T03:54:44Z', 'timestamp': 1722225284000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Effects of an 8‐week high‐dose vitamin D supplementation on fatigue and neuropsychiatric ' 'manifestations in post‐<scp>COVID</scp> syndrome: A randomized controlled trial', 'prefix': '10.1111', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4187-2273', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Veevarin', 'family': 'Charoenporn', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ {'name': 'Faculty of Medicine Thammasat University Pathumthani Thailand'}, { 'name': 'Department of Psychiatry Thammasat University Hospital ' 'Pathumthani Thailand'}, { 'name': 'Chulabhorn International College of Medicine Thammasat ' 'University Pathumthani Thailand'}]}, { 'given': 'Parunkul', 'family': 'Tungsukruthai', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Chulabhorn International College of Medicine Thammasat ' 'University Pathumthani Thailand'}]}, { 'given': 'Pitchapa', 'family': 'Teacharushatakit', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Medical student, Faculty of Medicine Thammasat University ' 'Pathumthani Thailand'}]}, { 'given': 'Sirashat', 'family': 'Hanvivattanakul', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Medical student, Faculty of Medicine Thammasat University ' 'Pathumthani Thailand'}]}, { 'given': 'Kusuma', 'family': 'Sriyakul', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Chulabhorn International College of Medicine Thammasat ' 'University Pathumthani Thailand'}]}, { 'given': 'Sophida', 'family': 'Sukprasert', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Chulabhorn International College of Medicine Thammasat ' 'University Pathumthani Thailand'}]}, { 'given': 'Chuntida', 'family': 'Kamalashiran', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Chulabhorn International College of Medicine Thammasat ' 'University Pathumthani Thailand'}]}, { 'given': 'Sucharat', 'family': 'Tungsukruthai', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science ' 'Prince of Songkla University Songkhla Thailand'}]}, { 'given': 'Thammanard', 'family': 'Charernboon', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ {'name': 'Faculty of Medicine Thammasat University Pathumthani Thailand'}, { 'name': 'Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology Thammasat ' 'University Pathumthani Thailand'}]}], 'member': '311', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 28]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_2_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1295', 'DOI': '10.3390/jpm12081295', 'article-title': 'Global challenges to public health care systems during the COVID‐19 ' 'pandemic: A review of pandemic measures and problems', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Filip R', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'J. Pers. Med.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_3_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmj-2022-071050', 'article-title': 'Post‐acute sequelae of covid‐19 six to 12 months after infection: ' 'Population based study', 'volume': '379', 'author': 'Peter RS', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'BMJ'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_4_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '16144', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-021-95565-8', 'article-title': 'More than 50 long‐term effects of COVID‐19: A systematic review and ' 'meta‐analysis', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Lopez‐Leon S', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Sci. Rep.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_5_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '869', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.dsx.2021.04.007', 'article-title': 'Long COVID: An overview', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Raveendran AV', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Metab. Syndr.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_6_1', 'first-page': '14', 'article-title': 'Fatigue and neuropsychiatric manifestations of post‐acute sequelae of ' 'COVID‐19 (PASC): Examining the relationship with clinical and ' 'inflammatory markers', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Charoenporn V', 'year': '2024', 'journal-title': 'Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_7_1', 'article-title': 'Psychological morbidities and fatigue in patients with confirmed ' 'COVID‐19 during disease outbreak: Prevalence and associated ' 'biopsychosocial risk factors', 'author': 'Qi R', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'medRxiv.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_8_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '416', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00084-5', 'article-title': '6‐month neurological and psychiatric outcomes in 236 379 survivors of ' 'COVID‐19: A retrospective cohort study using electronic health records', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Taquet M', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Psychiatry'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_9_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '363', 'DOI': '10.3892/etm.2022.11290', 'article-title': 'Long COVID and neuropsychiatric manifestations (review)', 'volume': '23', 'author': 'Efstathiou V', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Exp. Ther. Med.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_10_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '84', 'DOI': '10.1111/pcn.13508', 'article-title': 'Neuropsychiatric aspects of long COVID: A comprehensive review', 'volume': '77', 'author': 'Kubota T', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_11_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '220', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32656-8', 'article-title': '6‐month consequences of COVID‐19 in patients discharged from hospital: ' 'A cohort study', 'volume': '397', 'author': 'Huang C', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_12_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1093/braincomms/fcab297', 'article-title': 'Persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms after COVID‐19: A systematic ' 'review and meta‐analysis', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'Badenoch JB', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Brain Commun.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_13_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '41', 'DOI': '10.1111/pcn.13306', 'article-title': 'A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the mental health symptoms ' 'during the Covid‐19 pandemic in Southeast Asia', 'volume': '76', 'author': 'Pappa S', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_14_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '165', 'DOI': '10.1017/neu.2021.13', 'article-title': 'Inflammatory neuropsychiatric disorders and COVID‐19 neuroinflammation', 'volume': '33', 'author': 'Helmeste D', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Acta Neuropsychiatr.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_15_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103409', 'article-title': 'Long term neuropsychiatric consequences in COVID‐19 survivors: ' 'Cognitive impairment and inflammatory underpinnings fifteen months ' 'after discharge', 'volume': '80', 'author': 'He D', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Asian J. Psychiatr.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_16_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '118', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.031', 'article-title': 'One‐year mental health outcomes in a cohort of COVID‐19 survivors', 'volume': '145', 'author': 'Mazza MG', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J. Psychiatr. Res.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_17_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '737', 'DOI': '10.1080/23744235.2021.1924397', 'article-title': 'Long COVID or post‐COVID‐19 syndrome: Putative pathophysiology, risk ' 'factors, and treatments', 'volume': '53', 'author': 'Yong SJ', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Infect. Dis. (Lond).'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_18_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102066', 'article-title': 'COVID‐19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature', 'volume': '52', 'author': 'Rajkumar RP', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Asian J. Psychiatr.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_19_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1012', 'DOI': '10.3390/brainsci10121012', 'article-title': 'Post‐COVID‐19 fatigue: Potential contributing factors', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Rudroff T', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Brain Sci.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_20_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3484', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.006', 'article-title': 'The neurobiology of long COVID', 'volume': '110', 'author': 'Monje M', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Neuron'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_21_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '125', 'DOI': '10.1111/pcn.13514', 'article-title': 'Chronic fatigue and affective symptoms in acute and long COVID are ' 'attributable to immune‐inflammatory pathways', 'volume': '77', 'author': 'Almulla AF', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_22_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '111', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu5010111', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D ‐ effects on skeletal and extraskeletal health and the need ' 'for supplementation', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'Wacker M', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_23_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '26', 'DOI': '10.1210/jc.2008-1454', 'article-title': 'Nonclassic actions of vitamin D', 'volume': '94', 'author': 'Bikle D', 'year': '2009', 'journal-title': 'J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_24_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '482', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.coph.2010.04.001', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D: Modulator of the immune system', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Baeke F', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'Curr. Opin. Pharmacol.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_25_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmj.i6583', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract ' 'infections: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of individual ' 'participant data', 'volume': '356', 'author': 'Martineau AR', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'BMJ'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_26_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '186', 'DOI': '10.1007/s11914-022-00732-z', 'article-title': 'Regulation of immune function', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'Bikle DD', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Curr. Osteoporos. Rep.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_27_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3512', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12113512', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D3 as potential treatment adjuncts for COVID‐19', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Malaguarnera L', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_28_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1187163', 'DOI': '10.3389/fmed.2023.1187163', 'article-title': 'ME/CFS and long COVID share similar symptoms and biological ' 'abnormalities: Road map to the literature', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Komaroff AL', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Front. Med. (Lausanne).'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_29_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '221', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu16020221', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D and its role on the fatigue mitigation: A narrative review', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'Di Molfetta IV', 'year': '2024', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_30_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '166', 'DOI': '10.3109/02813432.2010.505407', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D status in patients with musculoskeletal pain, fatigue and ' 'headache: A cross‐sectional descriptive study in a multi‐ethnic general ' 'practice in Norway', 'volume': '28', 'author': 'Knutsen KV', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'Scand. J. Prim. Health Care'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_31_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1097/MD.0000000000005353', 'article-title': 'Effect of vitamin D3 on self‐perceived fatigue: A double‐blind ' 'randomized placebo‐controlled trial', 'volume': '95', 'author': 'Nowak A', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Medicine (Baltimore).'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_32_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '71', 'DOI': '10.1007/s11154-011-9200-6', 'article-title': 'Relevance of vitamin D in muscle health', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Bischoff‐Ferrari HA', 'year': '2012', 'journal-title': 'Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_33_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '46', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.psychres.2015.02.016', 'article-title': 'Associations between vitamin D levels and depressive symptoms in ' 'healthy young adult women', 'volume': '227', 'author': 'Kerr DC', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Psychiatry Res.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_34_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1146', 'DOI': '10.1210/jc.2011-2218', 'article-title': 'IOM committee members respond to Endocrine Society vitamin D guideline', 'volume': '97', 'author': 'Rosen CJ', 'year': '2012', 'journal-title': 'J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_35_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e107', 'DOI': '10.7861/clinmed.2020-0301', 'article-title': 'Does vitamin D deficiency increase the severity of COVID‐19?', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'Weir EK', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Clin. Med. (Lond.)'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_36_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154322', 'article-title': 'Commentary. Eliminating vitamin D deficiency during the COVID‐19 ' 'pandemic: A call to action', 'volume': '112', 'author': 'Manson JE', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Metabolism'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_37_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2022.967215', 'article-title': 'Could vitamin D supplementation play a role against COVID‐19?', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Li B', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Front. Immunol.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_38_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1373', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.021', 'article-title': 'Role of vitamin D in preventing of COVID‐19 infection, progression and ' 'severity', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Ali N', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J. Infect. Public Health'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_39_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '154', 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.27294', 'article-title': 'Analysis of serum cytokine and protective vitamin D levels in severe ' 'cases of COVID‐19', 'volume': '94', 'author': 'Bayraktar N', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'J. Med. Virol.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_40_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2198', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008', 'article-title': 'The role of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 ' 'infection: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials', 'volume': '42', 'author': 'Meng J', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Clin. Nutr.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_41_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120464', 'article-title': 'COVID‐19 and neurological sequelae: Vitamin D as a possible ' 'neuroprotective and/or neuroreparative agent', 'volume': '297', 'author': 'Menéndez SG', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Life Sci.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_42_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1625', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu14081625', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D: A role also in long COVID‐19?', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Barrea L', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_43_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '215', 'DOI': '10.1007/s13668-023-00471-2', 'article-title': 'A narrative review on the potential role of Vitamin D(3) in the ' 'prevention, protection, and disease mitigation of acute and long ' 'COVID‐19', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Moukayed M', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Curr. Nutr. Rep.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_44_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e1106', 'DOI': '10.1210/clinem/dgad207', 'article-title': 'Low Vitamin D levels are associated with long COVID syndrome in ' 'COVID‐19 survivors', 'volume': '108', 'author': 'Filippo L', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_45_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.mad.2022.111684', 'article-title': 'Association between vitamin D status and physical performance in ' 'COVID‐19 survivors: Results from the Gemelli against COVID‐19 ' 'post‐acute care project', 'volume': '205', 'author': 'Galluzzo V', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Mech. Ageing Dev.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_46_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '7058', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijerph20227058', 'article-title': 'Effect of Vitamin D in long COVID patients', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'Hikmet RG', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_47_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12092775', 'article-title': 'Impact of Vitamin D deficiency on COVID‐19‐a prospective analysis from ' 'the CovILD registry', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Pizzini A', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_48_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0240784', 'article-title': 'Persistent fatigue following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is common and ' 'independent of severity of initial infection', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Townsend L', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'PLoS One'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_49_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1911', 'DOI': '10.1210/jc.2011-0385', 'article-title': 'Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: An ' 'Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline', 'volume': '96', 'author': 'Holick MF', 'year': '2011', 'journal-title': 'J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_50_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '147', 'DOI': '10.1016/0022-3999(93)90081-P', 'article-title': 'Development of a fatigue scale', 'volume': '37', 'author': 'Chalder T', 'year': '1993', 'journal-title': 'J. Psychosom. Res.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_51_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '335', 'DOI': '10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U', 'article-title': 'The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the ' 'depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and ' 'anxiety inventories', 'volume': '33', 'author': 'Lovibond PF', 'year': '1995', 'journal-title': 'Behav. Res. Ther.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_52_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '193', 'DOI': '10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4', 'article-title': 'The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric ' 'practice and research', 'volume': '28', 'author': 'Buysse DJ', 'year': '1989', 'journal-title': 'Psychiatry Res.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_53_1', 'first-page': 'S57', 'article-title': 'Reliability and validity of the Thai version of the Pittsburgh sleep ' 'quality index', 'volume': '97', 'author': 'Sitasuwan T', 'year': '2014', 'journal-title': 'J. Med. Assoc. Thai.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_54_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '242', 'DOI': '10.1159/000351671', 'article-title': "Validation of the Addenbrooke's cognitive examination III in " "frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease", 'volume': '36', 'author': 'Hsieh S', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_55_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '571', 'DOI': '10.4306/pi.2016.13.5.571', 'article-title': "The Thai version of the Addenbrooke's cognitive examination III", 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Charernboon T', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Psychiatry Investig.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_56_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '271', 'DOI': '10.2466/pms.1958.8.3.271', 'article-title': 'Validity of the trail making test as an indicator of organic brain ' 'damage', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Reitan RM', 'year': '1958', 'journal-title': 'Percept. Mot. Skills'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_57_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '235', 'DOI': '10.3390/brainsci11020235', 'article-title': 'Long‐lasting cognitive abnormalities after COVID‐19', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Ferrucci R', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Brain Sci.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_58_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '74', 'DOI': '10.1186/s43066-021-00144-1', 'article-title': 'Long‐term clinical and biochemical residue after COVID‐19 recovery', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Gameil MA', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Egypt Liver J.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_59_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3389/fmed.2023.1085988', 'article-title': 'Biomarkers in long COVID‐19: A systematic review', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Lai YJ', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Front. Med. (Lausanne).'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_60_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '43', 'DOI': '10.1186/s40249-023-01086-z', 'article-title': 'Increased interleukin‐6 is associated with long COVID‐19: A systematic ' 'review and meta‐analysis', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Yin JX', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Infect. Dis. Poverty'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_61_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '550', 'DOI': '10.3389/fendo.2018.00550', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D toxicity‐a clinical perspective', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Marcinowska‐Suchowierska E', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne).'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_62_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '172', 'DOI': '10.4103/2356-8062.200905', 'article-title': 'Surrogate markers for diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Boutros R', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Egyptian Journal of Obesity, Diabetes and Endocrinology.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_63_1', 'volume-title': 'Efficacy of Vitamin D3 in Symptomatic Improvement of Post COVID‐19 ' 'Fatigue Condition in Thai Elderly: Prospective, Double Blinded, ' "Randomized Controlled Trial [Master's Thesis on the Internet]", 'author': 'Lungkorn N', 'year': '2022'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_64_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1002/brb3.1760', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D supplementation improves anxiety but not depression symptoms ' 'in patients with vitamin D deficiency', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Zhu C', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Brain Behav.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_65_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '675', 'DOI': '10.1007/s13668-022-00441-0', 'article-title': 'Is Vitamin D important in anxiety or depression? What is the truth?', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Akpınar Ş', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Curr. Nutr. Rep.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_66_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1155/2020/6097820', 'article-title': 'Low Vitamin D and its association with cognitive impairment and ' 'dementia', 'volume': '2020', 'author': 'Sultan S', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J. Aging Res.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_67_1', 'article-title': "The efficacy of Vitamin D supplementation in patients with Alzheimer's " 'disease in preventing cognitive decline: A systematic review', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Chakkera M', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Cureus'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_68_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '74', 'DOI': '10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_571_17', 'article-title': 'Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in major depression: A ' 'meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials', 'volume': '65', 'author': 'Vellekkatt F', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'J. Postgrad. Med.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_69_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu14051076', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D Supplementation and sleep: A systematic review and ' 'meta‐analysis of intervention studies', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Abboud M', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_70_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3389/fnins.2021.670879', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D, depressive symptoms, and Covid‐19 pandemic', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Ceolin G', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Front. Neurosci.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_71_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1765', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu15071765', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D in depression: A potential bioactive agent to reduce suicide ' 'and suicide attempt risk', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Somoza‐Moncada MM', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_72_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3802', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu15173802', 'article-title': 'Neuroimmunological effect of Vitamin D on neuropsychiatric long COVID ' 'syndrome: A review', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Chen TB', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_73_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3390/brainsci13040688', 'article-title': 'Mixed depression in the post‐COVID‐19 syndrome: Correlation between ' 'excitatory symptoms in depression and physical burden after COVID‐19', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Simonetti A', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Brain Sci.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_74_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2245', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijms19082245', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D in neurological diseases: A rationale for a pathogenic impact', 'volume': '19', 'author': 'Moretti R', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Int. J. Mol. Sci.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_75_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '779', 'DOI': '10.1111/jnc.15829', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D: A potent regulator of dopaminergic neuron differentiation ' 'and function', 'volume': '166', 'author': 'Pertile RAN', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'J. Neurochem.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_76_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '19', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12263-018-0605-7', 'article-title': 'Optimal vitamin D spurs serotonin: 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D represses ' 'serotonin reuptake transport (SERT) and degradation (MAO‐A) gene ' 'expression in cultured rat serotonergic neuronal cell lines', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Sabir MS', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Genes Nutr.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_77_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '66', 'DOI': '10.1159/000289049', 'article-title': 'Serotonin receptors and their function in sleep, anxiety disorders and ' 'depression', 'volume': '65', 'author': 'Leonard BE', 'year': '1996', 'journal-title': 'Psychother. Psychosom.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_78_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '249', 'DOI': '10.1007/s10787-023-01383-x', 'article-title': 'Pharmacological evaluation of vitamin D in COVID‐19 and long COVID‐19: ' 'Recent studies confirm clinical validation and highlight metformin to ' 'improve VDR sensitivity and efficacy', 'volume': '32', 'author': 'Gomaa AA', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Inflammopharmacology'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_79_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1079', 'DOI': '10.3390/medicina57101079', 'article-title': 'Effect of Vitamin D supplementation on muscle status in old patients ' 'recovering from COVID‐19 infection', 'volume': '57', 'author': 'Caballero‐García A', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Medicina (Kaunas)'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_80_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2170', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu13072170', 'article-title': 'Effects of a 2‐week 5000 IU versus 1000 IU Vitamin D3 supplementation ' 'on recovery of symptoms in patients with mild to moderate Covid‐19: A ' 'randomized clinical trial', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Sabico S', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_81_1', 'first-page': '449', 'article-title': 'Serum vitamin D levels and inflammatory status in COVID‐19 patients', 'volume': '124', 'author': 'Arabadzhiyska D', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Bratisl. Lek. Listy'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_82_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1159/000535302', 'article-title': 'Association of Vitamin D with severity and outcome of COVID‐19: ' 'Clinical and experimental evidence', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'Renieris G', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'J. Innate Immun.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_83_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '55', 'DOI': '10.1186/s43166-022-00155-9', 'article-title': 'Serum vitamin D level in COVID‐19 patients and its correlation with ' 'disease severity', 'volume': '49', 'author': 'Morad CS', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Egypt. Rheumatol. Rehabil.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_84_1', 'article-title': 'The impact of Vitamin D supplementation on mortality rate and clinical ' 'outcomes of COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis', 'volume': '27', 'author': 'Nikniaz L', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Pharm. Sci.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_85_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '87', 'DOI': '10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139065', 'article-title': 'Short term, high‐dose vitamin D supplementation for COVID‐19 disease: A ' 'randomised, placebo‐controlled, study (SHADE study)', 'volume': '98', 'author': 'Rastogi A', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Postgrad. Med. J.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_86_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.016', 'article-title': 'Comparison of the effect of daily Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 ' 'supplementation on serum 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D concentration (Total ' '25(OH)D, 25(OH)D2, and 25(OH)D3) and importance of body mass index: A ' 'systematic review and meta‐analysis', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Van den Heuvel EGHM', 'year': '2024', 'journal-title': 'Adv. Nutr.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_87_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '5387', 'DOI': '10.1210/jc.2004-0360', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D2 is much less effective than vitamin D3 in humans', 'volume': '89', 'author': 'Armas LA', 'year': '2004', 'journal-title': 'J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.'}], 'container-title': 'Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/pcn.13716', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 29]], 'date-time': '2024-07-29T03:55:17Z', 'timestamp': 1722225317000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pcn.13716'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 28]]}, 'references-count': 86, 'alternative-id': ['10.1111/pcn.13716'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13716', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['1323-1316', '1440-1819'], 'subject': [], 'container-title-short': 'Psychiatry Clin Neurosci', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 28]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '2024-02-06', 'order': 0, 'name': 'received', 'label': 'Received', 'group': {'name': 'publication_history', 'label': 'Publication History'}}, { 'value': '2024-06-27', 'order': 2, 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'publication_history', 'label': 'Publication History'}}, { 'value': '2024-07-28', 'order': 3, 'name': 'published', 'label': 'Published', 'group': {'name': 'publication_history', 'label': 'Publication History'}}]}