Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its prognostic impact on patients hospitalized with COVID-19
MD Vanessa Bianconi, MD Massimo R Mannarino, MD a , Filippo Figorilli, MD a , Elena Cosentini, MD a , Ettore Marini MD a , Giuseppe Batori, Ettore Marini, Rita Lombardini, PhD Marco Gargaro, PhD Francesca Fallarino, MD Anna Maria Scarponi, PharmD Amirhossein Sahebkar, MD Matteo Pirro
Nutrition, doi:10.1016/j.nut.2021.111408
Although hypovitaminosis D appears to be highly prevalent in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 , its impact on their prognosis remains unclear. Methods: In this study, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (Vit-D) level was measured in 200 patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The association between Vit-D and the composite endpoint of intensive care unit (ICU) admission/in-hospital death was explored using univariable and multivariable analyses. Also, serum Vit-D level in patients with COVID-19 was compared with that in age-and sex-balanced COVID-19-negative controls (i.e., 50 inpatients with sepsis). Results: Serum Vit-D level was comparable between patients with COVID-19 and COVID-19-negative inpatients with sepsis (P = 0.397). No significant differences were found in serum Vit-D level according to COVID-19 severity at the time of hospital admission (P = 0.299). Incidence rates of the composite endpoint of ICU admission/in-hospital death did not differ significantly between patients with either Vit-D deficiency (i.e., Vit-D <20 ng/mL) or severe Vit-D deficiency (i.e., Vit-D <12 ng/mL) and those without (31% vs 35% with P = 0.649, and 34% vs 30% with P = 0.593, respectively). Vit-D level and status (i.e., Vit-D deficiency and severe Vit-D deficiency) were not prospectively associated with the risk of the composite endpoint of ICU admission/in-hospital death (P > 0.05 for all Cox regression models). Conclusions: Regardless of the potential usefulness of Vit-D measurement to guide appropriate supplementation, Vit-D does not appear to provide helpful information for the stratification of in-hospital prognosis in patients with COVID-19.
Supplementary materials Supplementary material associated with this article can be found in the online version at doi:10.1016/j.nut.2021.111408.
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