Clinical characteristics and predictors of the duration of hospital stay in COVID-19 patients in Jordan

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 3]], 'date-time': '2024-03-03T00:30:44Z', 'timestamp': 1709425844022}, 'reference-count': 33, 'publisher': 'F1000 Research Ltd', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 12, 10]], 'date-time': '2020-12-10T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1607558400000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['f1000research.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<ns3:p><ns3:bold>Background: </ns3:bold>On March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization ' '(WHO) declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic. Healthcare systems ' 'in low- and middle-income countries may face serious limitations during a pandemic, for which ' 'understanding the predictors of prolonged hospital stay are crucial in decreasing the ' 'mortality rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of increased length ' 'of hospitalization among COVID-19 patients.</ns3:p><ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Methods:</ns3:bold> In ' 'this prospective study, we investigated the effect of presenting symptoms and laboratory ' 'investigations on the duration of hospitalization of 131 COVID-19 patients at a tertiary ' 'hospital in Jordan from March 17th to April 9th, 2020.</ns3:p><ns3:p> ' '<ns3:bold>Results:</ns3:bold> Patients median age was 24 years [interquartile range (IQR): ' '8-39], of which 67 (51.15%) were males and 64 (48.85%) were females. Smokers had shorter ' 'in-hospital stay (OR: -3.52; 95% CI: -6.73 to -0.32; P=0.03). Taste loss (OR: 5.1; 95% CI: ' '1.95 to 8.25; P&lt;0.01) and chills or rigors (OR: 4.08; 95% CI: 0.73 to 7.43; P=0.02) were ' 'the symptoms significantly associated with increased in-hospital stay, while those who had ' 'malaise (OR: -4.98; 95% CI: -8.42 to -1.59; P&lt;0.01) and high white blood cell (WBC) count ' '(OR: -0.74; 95% CI: -1.31 to -0.17; P=0.01) had faster recovery.</ns3:p><ns3:p> ' '<ns3:bold>Conclusions:</ns3:bold> Our study found that the most common presenting symptoms of ' 'COVID-19 are cough, malaise, and headache. Smoking, presenting with malaise or elevated WBCs ' 'were associated with shorter hospital stay, while loss of taste and chills or rigors at ' 'presentation were associated with a longer in-hospital stay.</ns3:p>', 'DOI': '10.12688/f1000research.27419.1', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 12, 10]], 'date-time': '2020-12-10T10:30:30Z', 'timestamp': 1607596230000}, 'page': '1439', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.crossmark-policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 3, 'title': 'Clinical characteristics and predictors of the duration of hospital stay in COVID-19 patients in ' 'Jordan', 'prefix': '10.12688', 'volume': '9', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0270-0436', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Rami S.', 'family': 'Alqassieh', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8999-8334', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Isam K.', 'family': 'Bsisu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4872-7116', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Mohammed Qussay', 'family': 'Al-Sabbagh', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Naser M.', 'family': 'El-Hammuri', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5537-3339', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Moh’d A.', 'family': 'Yousef', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5884-8384', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Mohammad A.', 'family': 'El Jarbeh', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3384-7596', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Ahmed A.', 'family': 'Sharqawi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Heba Z.', 'family': 'Smadi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Sami A.', 'family': 'Abu-Halaweh', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Mohammad M.', 'family': 'Abufaraj', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '2560', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2020, 12, 10]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': 'ref-1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '727-33', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2001017', 'article-title': 'A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019.', 'volume': '382', 'author': 'N Zhu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med.'}, { 'key': 'ref-2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '692-4', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMp2000929', 'article-title': 'A Novel Coronavirus Emerging in China - Key Questions for Impact ' 'Assessment.', 'volume': '382', 'author': 'V Munster', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med.'}, { 'key': 'ref-3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '157-60', 'DOI': '10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397', 'article-title': 'WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic.', 'volume': '91', 'author': 'D Cucinotta', 'year': '2020', 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'https://f1000research.com/articles/9-1439/v1'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2020, 12, 10]]}, 'references-count': 33, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.27419.1', 'relation': { 'has-review': [ { 'id-type': 'doi', 'id': '10.5256/f1000research.30300.r85534', 'asserted-by': 'subject'}, { 'id-type': 'doi', 'id': '10.5256/f1000research.30300.r86710', 'asserted-by': 'subject'}]}, 'ISSN': ['2046-1402'], 'subject': [], 'container-title-short': 'F1000Res', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2020, 12, 10]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': 'Not Approved, Approved with reservations', 'URL': 'https://f1000research.com/articles/9-1439/v1#article-reports', 'order': 0, 'name': 'referee-status', 'label': 'Referee status', 'group': {'name': 'current-referee-status', 'label': 'Current Referee Status'}}, { 'value': '10.5256/f1000research.30300.r85534, Denise Battaglini, Anesthesia and Intensive ' 'Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, Genoa, Italy, 02 Jun 2021, version 1, 1 ' 'approved with reservations, 1 not approved', 'URL': 'https://f1000research.com/articles/9-1439/v1#referee-response-85534', 'order': 0, 'name': 'referee-response-85534', 'label': 'Referee Report', 'group': {'name': 'article-reports', 'label': 'Article Reports'}}, { 'value': '<b>Isam Bsisu</b>; \n' '<i>Posted: 02 Jun 2021</i>; We would like to thank Dr.&nbsp;Denise Battaglini ' 'for his valuable review, which will enable us to improve the quality of our ' 'manuscript.&nbsp; \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bThis study included data ' 'collected at the beginning of the pandemic in Jordan, during which&nbsp;all ' 'patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were admitted to hospital during the study’s ' 'timeframe. We agree with the reviewer that the aforementioned laboratory ' 'investigations and interventions are important in determining the clinical ' 'course, and could&nbsp;have been predictors of hospital stay. Due&nbsp;to the ' 'limited number of cases at that time, we were unable to compare between cases ' 'in terms of outcomes and ICU admission. For instance, there were only 7 ' 'mortality cases related to COVID-19 in the whole country on the last day of ' 'patients recruitment, April 9th, 2020. Moreover, this prospective study only ' 'documented the laboratory investigations performed at that time, which were ' "done based on their indication and patient's clinical scenario.&nbsp; The " 'scientific knowledge and clinical practice is dynamically changing during ' 'COVID-19 pandemic, and so does the indicated investigations, the guidelines for ' 'medical management, and post discharge medical care for cured patients. We ' 'understand that this study was conducted and published prior to the two peaks ' 'in Jordan. However, it provided unique data in which we can understand the ' 'predictors of hospital stay based on one of the most important steps in the ' 'clinical practice of any physician, which is history taking and clinical ' 'examination. In addition, simple laboratory values can be of great benefit as a ' 'predictor. Future studies including patients from the whole country during the ' 'two peaks can be conducted (as we will recommend in our discussion section in ' 'the updated version 2), and it will surely be of great benefit in understanding ' 'the clinical course of the disease and its effect on the hospital stay and ' 'clinical outcome.&nbsp; \u200b', 'URL': 'https://f1000research.com/articles/9-1439/v1#referee-comment-6752', 'order': 1, 'name': 'referee-comment-6752', 'label': 'Referee Comment', 'group': {'name': 'article-reports', 'label': 'Article Reports'}}, { 'value': '10.5256/f1000research.30300.r86710, Omar Soliman Mohamed El-Masry, Department ' 'of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam ' 'Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, 11 Jun 2021, version ' '1, 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved', 'URL': 'https://f1000research.com/articles/9-1439/v1#referee-response-86710', 'order': 2, 'name': 'referee-response-86710', 'label': 'Referee Report', 'group': {'name': 'article-reports', 'label': 'Article Reports'}}, { 'value': 'The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work', 'order': 3, 'name': 'grant-information', 'label': 'Grant Information'}, { 'value': 'This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative ' 'Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and ' 'reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.', 'order': 0, 'name': 'copyright-info', 'label': 'Copyright'}]}