Increased Risk of COVID-19 Among Users of Proton Pump Inhibitors

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 20]], 'date-time': '2024-07-20T19:32:25Z', 'timestamp': 1721503945298}, 'reference-count': 59, 'publisher': 'Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)', 'issue': '10', 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2020, 10]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>INTRODUCTION:</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) increase the risk for enteric infections ' 'that is likely related to PPI-induced hypochlorhydria. Although the impact of acid ' 'suppression on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is unknown thus far, previous ' 'data revealed that pH ≤3 impairs the infectivity of the similar severe acute respiratory ' 'syndrome coronavirus 1. Thus, we aimed to determine whether use of PPIs increases the odds ' 'for acquiring coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among community-dwelling ' 'Americans.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>METHODS:</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>From May 3 to June 24, 2020, we performed an online survey described to ' 'participating adults as a “national health survey.” A multivariable logistic regression was ' 'performed on reporting a positive COVID-19 test to adjust for a wide range of confounding ' 'factors and to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals ' '(CIs).</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>RESULTS:</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Of 53,130 participants, 3,386 (6.4%) reported a positive COVID-19 test. ' 'In regression analysis, individuals using PPIs up to once daily (aOR 2.15; 95% CI, 1.90–2.44) ' 'or twice daily (aOR 3.67; 95% CI, 2.93–4.60) had significantly increased odds for reporting a ' 'positive COVID-19 test when compared with those not taking PPIs. Individuals taking ' 'histamine-2 receptor antagonists were not at elevated risk.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>DISCUSSION:</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>We found evidence of an independent, dose-response relationship between ' 'the use of antisecretory medications and COVID-19 positivity; individuals taking PPIs twice ' 'daily have higher odds for reporting a positive test when compared with those using ' 'lower-dose PPIs up to once daily, and those taking the less potent histamine-2 receptor ' 'antagonists are not at increased risk. These findings emphasize good clinical practice that ' 'PPIs should only be used when indicated at the lowest effective dose, such as the approved ' 'once-daily label dosage of over-the-counter and prescription PPIs. Further studies examining ' 'the association between PPIs and COVID-19 are needed.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.14309/ajg.0000000000000798', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2020, 8, 26]], 'date-time': '2020-08-26T21:12:37Z', 'timestamp': 1598476357000}, 'page': '1707-1715', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 157, 'title': 'Increased Risk of COVID-19 Among Users of Proton Pump Inhibitors', 'prefix': '10.14309', 'volume': '115', 'author': [ { 'given': 'Christopher V.', 'family': 'Almario', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los ' 'Angeles, California, USA;'}, { 'name': 'Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai ' 'Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA;'}, { 'name': 'Cedars-Sinai Center for Outcomes Research and Education ' '(CS-CORE), Los Angeles, California, USA;'}, { 'name': 'Division of Health Services Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical ' 'Center, Los Angeles, California, USA;'}, { 'name': 'Division of Informatics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los ' 'Angeles, California, USA;'}]}, { 'given': 'William D.', 'family': 'Chey', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, ' 'USA;'}, { 'name': 'Division of Gastroenterology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, ' 'Michigan, USA;'}]}, { 'given': 'Brennan M.R.', 'family': 'Spiegel', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los ' 'Angeles, California, USA;'}, { 'name': 'Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai ' 'Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA;'}, { 'name': 'Cedars-Sinai Center for Outcomes Research and Education ' '(CS-CORE), Los Angeles, California, USA;'}, { 'name': 'Division of Health Services Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical ' 'Center, Los Angeles, California, USA;'}, { 'name': 'Department of Health Policy and 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