The Impact of Severe COVID-19 on Plasma Antioxidants
Retrospective 88 COVID-19 patients and 33 healthy controls, showing significantly lower vitamin A levels in COVID-19 patients vs. healthy controls, and in patients that did not survive vs. survivors. Patient ages were significantly different between groups.
Žarković et al., 21 Aug 2022, Croatia, peer-reviewed, 10 authors.
Contact:
zarkovic@irb.hr (corresponding author).
Abstract: molecules
Article
The Impact of Severe COVID-19 on Plasma Antioxidants
Neven Žarković 1, * , Anna Jastrzab
˛ 2 , Iwona Jarocka-Karpowicz 2 , Biserka Orehovec 3 , Bruno Baršić 4 ,
5
3
Marko Tarle
, Marta Kmet , Ivica Lukšić 5,6 , Wojciech Łuczaj 2 and Elżbieta Skrzydlewska 2
1
2
3
4
5
6
*
Citation: Žarković, N.; Jastrzab,
˛ A.;
Jarocka-Karpowicz, I.; Orehovec, B.;
Baršić, B.; Tarle, M.; Kmet, M.; Lukšić,
I.; Łuczaj, W.; Skrzydlewska, E. The
Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Rud̄er Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
Clinical Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Correspondence: zarkovic@irb.hr
Abstract: Several studies suggested the association of COVID-19 with systemic oxidative stress,
in particular with lipid peroxidation and vascular stress. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate
the antioxidant signaling in the plasma of eighty-eight patients upon admission to the Clinical
Hospital Dubrava in Zagreb, of which twenty-two died within a week, while the other recovered.
The differences between the deceased and the survivors were found, especially in the reduction of
superoxide dismutases (SOD-1 and SOD-2) activity, which was accompanied by the alteration in
glutathione-dependent system and the intensification of the thioredoxin-dependent system. Reduced
levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants, especially tocopherol, were also observed, which correlated
with enhanced lipid peroxidation (determined by 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and neuroprostane
levels) and oxidative modifications of proteins assessed as 4-HNE-protein adducts and carbonyl
groups. These findings confirm the onset of systemic oxidative stress in patients with severe SARSCoV-2, especially those who died from COVID-19, as manifested by strongly reduced tocopherol
level and SOD activity associated with lipid peroxidation. Therefore, we propose that preventive
and/or supplementary use of antioxidants, especially of lipophilic nature, could be beneficial for the
treatment of COVID-19 patients.
Impact of Severe COVID-19 on
Plasma Antioxidants. Molecules 2022,
27, 5323. https://doi.org/10.3390/
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; biomarkers; plasma; antioxidants; GSH system; Trx system;
lipid peroxidation; 4-HNE-protein adducts
molecules27165323
Academic Editor: Jean-Marc Sabatier
Received: 19 July 2022
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