Summary of COVID-19 propolis studies

1. Silveira et al., Efficacy of Brazilian green propolis (EPP-AF®) as an adjunct treatment for hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A randomized, controlled clinical trial

84 patient propolis late treatment RCT: 62% lower ventilation (p=0.19), 24% lower ICU admission (p=0.73), and 35% shorter hospitalization (p=0.001).
RCT 124 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Brazil. The treatment groups received standardized green propolis extract (EPP-AF) at doses of 400mg/day or 800mg/day for 7 days, in addition to standard care. The EPP-AF groups had significantly shorter hospital stays post-intervention. The high dose EPP-AF group also had lower rates of acute kidney injury. No significant differences were seen for other outcomes like oxygen therapy duration or need for mechanical ventilation. The propolis adjunct treatment appeared safe with no discontinuations due to side effects.
Jun 2021, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332221003115, https://c19p.org/silveira2

2. Silveira et al., Standardized Brazilian green propolis extract (EPP-AF®) in COVID-19 outcomes: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

188 patient propolis late treatment RCT: 22% lower ventilation (p=0.54), 11% lower ICU admission (p=0.65), 16% shorter hospitalization (p=0.19), and 68% improvement (p=0.02).
RCT 188 patients in Brazil, showing shorter hospitalization and improved outcomes with propolis, but without statistical significance. The incidence of secondary infections was significantly lower in the treatment group.
Oct 2023, Scientific Reports, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-43764-w, https://c19p.org/silveira

3. Kosari et al., The influence of propolis plus Hyoscyamus niger L. against COVID‐19: A phase II, multicenter, placebo‐controlled, randomized trial

140 patient propolis late treatment RCT: 86% lower mortality (p=0.24), 86% lower ICU admission (p=0.06), and 64% improved recovery (p=0.007).
RCT 140 patients showing lower progression and improved recovery with propolis plus Hyoscyamus niger L.syrup.
Nov 2023, Phytotherapy Research, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.8047, https://c19p.org/kosari2

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