Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
 
Top
..
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchNitazoxanideNitazoxanide (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

Summary of COVID-19 nitazoxanide studies

Studies   Meta Analysis   Hide extended summaries

50 patient nitazoxanide late treatment RCT: 67% lower mortality (p=0.25), 62% lower ventilation (p=0.17), 20% lower severe cases, and 56% shorter hospitalization (p=0.02).
RCT with 25 nitazoxanide patients and 25 control patients, showing improved virological and clinical outcomes with treatment. Authors also perform an in vitro study in Vero E6 cells showing 90% inhibition with 0.5µM, with no cytotoxicity. NCT04348409.

Jan 2021, eClinicalMedicine, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(21)00261-3/fulltext, https://c19p.org/blum

1,407 patient nitazoxanide prophylaxis RCT: 43% lower progression (p=0.02), 50% faster recovery (p=0.1), and 3% fewer cases (p=1).
RCT 1,407 healthcare workers and others at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure, showing no difference in COVID-19 cases (13 in each group). There was lower symptom severity for nitazoxanide and a trend towards shorter illness duration. There is no publication, results are only available on clinicaltrials.gov, posted 3 years after completion (FDA pre-notice of noncompliance [fda.gov]).

Jun 2024, Romark, NCT04359680, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04359680?term=NCT04359680&rank=1&tab=results, https://c19p.org/romark

505 patient nitazoxanide prophylaxis RCT: 66% lower mortality (p=1), 79% lower hospitalization (p=0.5), 17% fewer symptomatic cases (p=0.49), and 21% more cases (p=0.67).
Prophylaxis RCT 828 high-risk participants in South Africa, showing no significant difference with nitazoxanide and sofosbuvir/daclatasvir treatment. FLU-PRO results were available for 74% of the nitazoxanide arm compared to 54% of the control arm.

Aug 2022, J. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, https://academic.oup.com/jac/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jac/dkac266/6661458, https://c19p.org/sokhela

405 patient nitazoxanide late treatment RCT: 5% higher mortality (p=0.95), 31% lower ICU admission (p=0.18), 40% lower need for oxygen therapy (p=0.06), and 64% faster improvement (p<0.0001).
RCT late stage patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, 202 treated with nitazoxanide and 203 placebo patients, showing improved recovery, but no significant difference in mortality.

Apr 2022, Frontiers in Medicine, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.844728/full, https://c19p.org/rocco2

150 patient nitazoxanide early treatment RCT: 56% improved viral clearance (p=0.02).
RCT with 77 nitazoxanide, 70 sofosbuvir/ledipasvir, and 73 SOC patients in Egypt, showing faster viral clearance with nitazoxanide and with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir. There was no mortality or progression to severe COVID-19 or ICU admission. Nitazoxanide 500mg qid for 14 days. SOC included vitamin C and zinc.

May 2022, Arab J. Gastroenterology, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1687197922000326, https://c19p.org/medhat

494 patient nitazoxanide early treatment study: 88% lower mortality (p=0.08), 97% lower ventilation (p<0.0001), and 99% lower hospitalization (p<0.0001).
Comparison of HCQ, nitazoxanide, and ivermectin showing similar effectiveness for overall clinical outcomes in COVID-19 when used before seven days of symptoms, and overwhelmingly superior compared to the untreated COVID-19 population, even for those outcomes not influenced by placebo effect, at least when combined with azithromycin, and vitamin C, D and zinc in the majority of the cases. 585 patients with mean treatment delay 2.9 days. There was no hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, or mortality with treatment. Control group 1 was a retrospectively obtained group of untreated patients of the same population.

Nov 2020, New Microbes and New Infections, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2052297521000792, https://c19p.org/cadegianin

36 patient nitazoxanide early treatment RCT: 26% improved viral clearance (p=0.36).
Small RCT with 23 nitazoxanide and 13 control patients showing significantly more patients achieved over 35% reduction in viral load from baseline. NCT04463264.

Mar 2021, Medical Research Archives, https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/3364, https://c19p.org/silva

44 patient nitazoxanide late treatment study: 68% lower mortality (p=0.38), 87% lower ventilation (p=0.15), 59% lower ICU admission (p<0.0001), and 52% shorter hospitalization (p=0.007).
Planned RCT of HCQ vs. HCQ+nitazoxanide which was aborted due to the retracted Surgisphere paper. Authors retrospectively analyze a small set of HCQ vs. nitazoxanide patients (which were protocol deviations in the planned RCT), showing reduced hospitalization time and ICU admission with nitazoxanide.

Nov 2021, PAMJ - Clinical Medicine, https://www.clinical-medicine.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/7/15/full/, https://c19p.org/calderon2

113 patient nitazoxanide early treatment study: 87% improved viral clearance (p<0.0001).
Non-randomized controlled trial with 62 mild and early moderate patients with home treatment with ivermectin + nitazoxanide + ribavirin + zinc, showing significantly faster viral clearance.

Feb 2021, J. Medical Virology, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.26880, https://c19p.org/elalfyn

57 patient nitazoxanide late treatment RCT: 11% worse recovery (p=0.73) and 5% improved viral clearance (p=0.92).
Small RCT in Nigeria with 31 nitazoxanide and atazanavir/ritonavir patients, and 26 control patients, showing no significant differences with treatment. 4 treatment group patients discontinued treatment due to the size of the tablets. Time from onset is not provided, only time from diagnosis. NACOVID. 14-day course of nitazoxanide (1000 mg b.i.d.) and atazanavir/ritonavir (300/100 mg od). NCT04459286.

Feb 2022, medRxiv, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.22270152, https://c19p.org/fowotade

905 patient nitazoxanide early treatment RCT: 188% higher progression (p=0.04).
RCT with 462 nitazoxanide/ciclesonide and 443 paracetamol patients, up to 7 days from onset, showing no significant difference in progression. Minimal details, with the primary mortality outcome and treatment delay not being reported.

Feb 2022, ANTICOV, News, https://www.isglobal.org/en/new/-/asset_publisher/JZ9fGljXnWpI/content/ensayo-anticov-halla-combinacion-nitazoxanida-ciclesonida-no-reduce-riesgo-hospitalizacion-pacientes-covid-19-leve, https://c19p.org/anticovn

379 patient nitazoxanide early treatment RCT: 79% lower hospitalization (p=0.22), 85% lower severe cases (p=0.07), and 7% slower recovery (p=0.88).
RCT with 184 outpatients treated with an extended release formulation of nitazoxanide, and 195 controls, showing lower hospitalization and progression to severe disease with treatment. There was one COVID-19 related death in the treatment arm. 600mg twice daily for five days.

Apr 2021, eClinicalMedicine, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(22)00040-2/fulltext, https://c19p.org/rossignol

76 patient nitazoxanide early treatment RCT: 13% higher progression (p=0.89), 23% slower recovery (p=0.42), and 67% worse viral clearance (p=0.13).
Very high COI low-risk patient RCT in South Africa, showing no significant differences with favipiravir plus nitazoxanide. There were no deaths and no COVID-19 hospitalizations for favipiravir plus nitazoxanide. More patients were seropositive at baseline in the treatment arm (28% vs 22%). Favipiravir 1600mg 12-hourly for 1 day, then 600mg 12-hourly for 6 days. Nitazoxanide 1000mg 12-hourly for 7 days.

Oct 2022, eBioMedicine, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396422005047, https://c19p.org/chandiwanan

392 patient nitazoxanide early treatment RCT: 404% higher ICU admission (p=0.24), 2% higher hospitalization (p=1), 16% worse recovery (p=0.37), and 12% improved viral clearance (p=0.006).
RCT 392 patients, median treatment delay 5 days, showing improved viral recovery at 5 days. Symptom recovery was no different at 5 days, and the treatment arm had two ICU admissions compared to zero for control. There were no serious adverse events.

Oct 2020, European Respiratory J., https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/2020/12/17/13993003.03725-2020, https://c19p.org/rocco
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Thanks for your feedback! Please search before submitting papers and note that studies are listed under the date they were first available, which may be the date of an earlier preprint.
Submit