Association of vitamin D level and severity of COVID-19 disease

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.55374/jseamed.v8.202", "ISSN": [ "2697-5424", "2586-8241" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.55374/jseamed.v8.202", "abstract": "<jats:p>Background: Studies indicate that vitamin D can lower the incidence of viral respiratory infections and is necessary for the human immune system to function properly. Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for the severity of COVID-19, including mortality, hospitalization, and length of hospital stay.\nObjectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D levels and the severity of COVID-19 disease.\nMethods: The participants were COVID-19 patients aged 18 years or older who tested positive for the virus on Real-Time PCR tests, treated as inpatients at Banphaeo General Hospital between September 1 and November 30, 2021. For each patient, baseline characteristics, including sex, weight, height, and underlying diseases, were collected. Three categories were used to categorize COVID-19 disease: mild, moderate, and severe. At the beginning of the study, blood tests were performed on each patient to determine their 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.\nResults: Of 97 patients, 64 were male (66%), with a mean age of 50.8±17.7 years. The mean vitamin D level was 27.8±9.6 ng/mL, with 45 (46.4%) showing vitamin D deficiency and 39 (40.2%) indicating vitamin D insufficiency. Among COVID-19 patients with vitamin D deficiency, 28 (63.6%) were classified as severe, compared to only 16 severe cases (36.4%) among those without vitamin D deficiency, demonstrating statistically significant differences (p=0.006). Patients with vitamin D deficiency had a 3.97 times higher risk of experiencing severity (95% CI: 1.67, 9.41, p=0.002) than those without a vitamin D deficit. After adjusting for variable factors, results indicated that patients with vitamin D deficiency had a 3.78-fold increased risk of getting severe illness than those without deficiency (95% CI: 1.28, 11.19, p=0.016). Conclusion: These findings suggested that vitamin D deficiency was associated with the severity of COVID-19.</jats:p>", "author": [ { "affiliation": [], "family": "Singhsakul", "given": "Amol", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Satirapoj", "given": "Bancha", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Nimitphuwadon", "given": "Sirinthip", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Rapeepattana", "given": "Sirate", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Benjamanukul", "given": "Saovanee", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Traiyan", "given": "Sasiwimon", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "Journal of Southeast Asian Medical Research", "container-title-short": "J Southeast Asian Med Res", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 6, 9 ] ], "date-time": "2024-06-09T02:57:09Z", "timestamp": 1717901829000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 6, 9 ] ], "date-time": "2024-06-09T02:57:26Z", "timestamp": 1717901846000 }, "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 6, 9 ] ], "date-time": "2024-06-09T03:10:45Z", "timestamp": 1717902645165 }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 6, 9 ] ] }, "license": [ { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0", "content-version": "unspecified", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 6, 9 ] ], "date-time": "2024-06-09T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1717891200000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://jseamed.org/index.php/jseamed/article/download/202/133", "content-type": "application/pdf", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" }, { "URL": "https://jseamed.org/index.php/jseamed/article/download/202/133", "content-type": "unspecified", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "33699", "original-title": [], "page": "e0202", "prefix": "10.55374", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 6, 9 ] ] }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 6, 9 ] ] }, "publisher": "Phramongkutklao Hospital Foundation", "reference": [ { "DOI": "10.1001/jama.2020.12839", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "key": "4575", "unstructured": "Wiersinga WJ, Rhodes A, Cheng AC, Peacock SJ, Prescott HC. 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