Dietary mineral intakes predict Coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence and hospitalization in older adults

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 5]], 'date-time': '2024-03-05T00:47:30Z', 'timestamp': 1709599650503}, 'reference-count': 31, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 4]], 'date-time': '2024-03-04T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1709510400000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 4]], 'date-time': '2024-03-04T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1709510400000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the association between ' 'dietary mineral intake and Coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and its associated ' 'hospitalization.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>This cohort study utilized the MASHAD study population, which ' 'comprised individuals aged 35–65. Upon recruitment in 2007, dietary intake was documented ' 'using a validated 65-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data on COVID-19 PCR test ' 'results was collected from all relevant medical centers in Mashhad between February 2020 and ' 'June 2022. The regression model included dietary minerals and employed the backward variable ' 'selection method, along with advanced data analysis techniques.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>The final analysis involved 1957 participants, including 193 ' 'COVID-19-positive patients. The mean age was 49.71 and 50.28 years in the COVID-19-positive ' 'and negative groups, respectively (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.12). Dietary ' 'intakes of magnesium, iron, and potassium were notably lower in COVID-19-positive patients ' '(<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Following adjustments for age and sex, ' 'dietary iron remained significantly associated with COVID-19 incidence (OR\u2009=\u20090.94, ' '95% CI: 0.90–0.98). Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship was observed ' 'between dietary zinc and hospitalization due to COVID-19 (OR\u2009=\u20090.69, 95% CI: ' '0.51–0.93). In dynamical system models, intakes of calcium, zinc, and iron below the cut-offs ' 'of 1138, 9.7, and 8.17 mg/day, respectively, were linked to an increased risk of COVID-19 ' 'incidence.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Higher dietary iron and zinc intake are associated with decreased ' 'risk of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization, respectively.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1186/s40795-024-00821-5', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 4]], 'date-time': '2024-03-04T11:01:36Z', 'timestamp': 1709550096000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Dietary mineral intakes predict Coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence and ' 'hospitalization in older adults', 'prefix': '10.1186', 'volume': '10', 'author': [ {'given': 'Najmeh', 'family': 'Seifi', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Hossein', 'family': 'Bahari', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Somayeh', 'family': 'Ghiasi Hafezi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Farzaneh', 'family': 'Ghotbani', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'AhmadReza', 'family': 'Afzalinia', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Gordon A.', 'family': 'Ferns', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ehsan Mosa', 'family': 'Farkhani', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Majid', 'family': 'Ghayour-mobarhan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 4]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '821_CR1', 'unstructured': 'WHO COVID-19 Dashboard. 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' 'The research protocol was approved by the School of Medicine, Mashhad ' 'University of Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Ethics Committee ' '(IR.MUMS.MEDICAL.REC.1398.228). All participants signed a written inform ' 'consent before participating in the study.', 'order': 2, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Ethics approval and consent to participate'}}, { 'value': 'Not applicable.', 'order': 3, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Consent for publication'}}, { 'value': 'The authors declare no competing interests.', 'order': 4, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Competing interests'}}], 'article-number': '42'}