Retrospective clinical study for COVID-19 prevention after exposure

SaNOtize, Apr 2022
Case 75% improvement lower risk ← → higher risk Nitric Oxide  SaNOtize et al.  PROPHYLAXIS Does nitric oxide reduce COVID-19 infections? Retrospective 625 patients in Thailand Fewer cases with nitric oxide (p<0.000001) c19early.org SaNOtize, April 2022 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ RR
42nd treatment shown to reduce risk in June 2022, now with p = 0.046 from 13 studies, recognized in 10 countries.
Lower risk for cases and viral clearance.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
6,300+ studies for 210+ treatments. c19early.org
Meta Analysis
PEP retrospective 625 university students in Thailand offered nitric oxide nasal spray, showing significantly lower cases for students that chose to use the treatment.
Targeted administration to the respiratory tract provides treatment directly to the typical source of initial SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication, and allows for rapid onset of action, higher local drug concentration, and reduced systemic side effects.
Important missing comments or errors? Let us know.
risk of case, 75.0% lower, RR 0.25, p < 0.001, treatment 13 of 203 (6.4%), control 108 of 422 (25.6%), NNT 5.2.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
SaNOtize et al., 30 Apr 2022, retrospective, Thailand, preprint, 1 author.
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19 treatment protocols c19early.org December 2025 Thailand United Kingdom Russia USA Sudan Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Pakistan Argentina Vietnam Peru Philippines Spain Brazil Italy France Japan China Uzbekistan Nepal Ethiopia Iran Ghana Mexico South Korea Germany Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland Nigeria Egypt Bolivia Taiwan Zambia Fiji Bosnia-Herzegovina Ukraine Côte d'Ivoire Sri Lanka Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Singapore Iceland New Zealand Czechia Mongolia Israel Trinidad and Tobago Hong Kong North Macedonia Belarus Qatar Panama Serbia CAR Chad Syria Thailand favored low-cost treatments.The average efficacy of treatments was high.Low-cost treatments improve early treatment, andprovide complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19treatment protocols worldwide c19early.org December 2025 Thailand United Kingdom Russia USA Sudan Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Pakistan Argentina Vietnam Peru Philippines Spain Brazil Italy France Japan China Uzbekistan Nepal Ethiopia Iran Ghana Mexico South Korea Germany Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland India Venezuela Nigeria Egypt Bolivia Taiwan Zambia Fiji Ukraine Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Singapore New Zealand Malawi Czechia Mongolia Israel Trinidad and Tobago North Macedonia Belarus Qatar Panama Serbia CAR Chad Syria Thailand favored low-cost treatments.The average efficacy was high.Low-cost protocols improve early treatment,and add complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 200,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. IMA and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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