Adequate serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels are correlated with low anti-PF4 levels in mild COVID-19 Patients: An observational study

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 18]], 'date-time': '2024-09-18T04:04:25Z', 'timestamp': 1726632265613}, 'reference-count': 23, 'publisher': 'Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)', 'issue': '37', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 13]], 'date-time': '2024-09-13T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1726185600000}, 'content-version': 'unspecified', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['lww.com', 'ovid.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 13]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:p>The worldwide spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in an ' 'unparalleled health emergency of global proportions. Around 31% of individuals with COVID-19 ' 'experience thrombosis associated with hypercoagulation. COVID-19 patients have shown an ' 'increase in platelet activation, but the mechanism has not been fully understood yet. One ' 'theory suggests that this could be related to the heparin-induced thrombocytopenia ' 'phenomenon, where platelet activation involves anti-PF4 antibodies that are associated with ' 'thrombosis. Vitamin D has been established to exert an influence on immunological responses ' 'and inflammation. The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between serum ' '25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol [25(OH)D] levels and anti-PF4 antibodies among COVID-19 patients. ' 'A cross-sectional study was conducted among 160 COVID-19 patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo ' 'General Hospital and Wisma Atlit Hospital Jakarta from October 2021 to January 2022. The mean ' 'serum 25(OH)D level was 15.1\u2009ng/mL. A significant negative correlation was found between ' 'serum 25(OH)D and anti-PF4 levels in mild COVID-19 patients (<jats:italic ' 'toggle="yes">P</jats:italic>\u2005=\u2005.035; <jats:italic toggle="yes">R</jats:italic>\u2005' '=\u2005−0.236). Remarkably, P-selectin levels were significantly higher in the moderate ' 'COVID-19 group compared to the severe group (<jats:italic toggle="yes">P</jats:italic>\u2005' '=\u2005.031). Serum 25(OH)D level had a significant negative correlation with anti-PF4 level ' 'in mild COVID-19 patients. Thus, it is highly recommended to ensure that serum 25(OH)D levels ' 'are maintained above 30\u2009ng/mL. Remarkably, the P-selectin level was significantly higher ' 'in the moderate COVID-19 group compared to the severe group.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.1097/md.0000000000039252', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 17]], 'date-time': '2024-09-17T17:21:32Z', 'timestamp': 1726593692000}, 'page': 'e39252', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/lww.0000000000001000', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Adequate serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels are correlated with low anti-PF4 levels in mild ' 'COVID-19 Patients: An observational study', 'prefix': '10.1097', 'volume': '103', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3246-3352', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Andhika', 'family': 'Rachman', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal ' 'Medicine, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, ' 'Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, ' 'Indonesia'}]}, { 'given': 'Anggraini', 'family': 'Iriani', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Clinical Pathology, YARSI University, Jakarta, ' 'Indonesia'}]}, { 'given': 'Attaufiq', 'family': 'Irawan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General ' 'Hospital – Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, ' 'Indonesia.'}]}, { 'given': 'Samuel', 'family': 'Juanputra', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General ' 'Hospital – Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, ' 'Indonesia.'}]}, { 'given': 'Rachelle', 'family': 'Betsy', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General ' 'Hospital – Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, ' 'Indonesia.'}]}], 'member': '276', 'reference': [ { 'key': 'R1-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.3389/fcvm.2020.00151', 'article-title': 'Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized coronavirus disease ' '2019 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Zhang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Front Cardiovasc Med'}, {'key': 'R3-20240917', 'article-title': 'COVID-19.', 'year': '2022'}, { 'key': 'R4-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2864', 'DOI': '10.1182/blood-2016-11-709873', 'article-title': 'Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.', 'volume': '129', 'author': 'Arepally', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Blood'}, { 'key': 'R5-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1181', 'DOI': '10.1055/a-1346-3178', 'article-title': 'Hemostasis in Coronavirus disease 2019-lesson from viscoelastic ' 'methods: a systematic review.', 'volume': '121', 'author': 'Słomka', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Thromb Haemost'}, { 'key': 'R6-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1342', 'DOI': '10.1111/jth.15283', 'article-title': 'Platelet‐activating immune complexes identified in critically ill ' 'COVID‐19 patients suspected of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia.', 'volume': '19', 'author': 'Nazy', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J Thromb Haemost'}, { 'key': 'R7-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1317', 'DOI': '10.1182/blood.2020007214', 'article-title': 'Platelet gene expression and function in patients with COVID-19.', 'volume': '136', 'author': 'Manne', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Blood'}, { 'key': 'R8-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1330', 'DOI': '10.1182/blood.2020007252', 'article-title': 'Platelet activation and platelet-monocyte aggregate formation trigger ' 'tissue factor expression in patients with severe COVID-19.', 'volume': '136', 'author': 'Hottz', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Blood'}, { 'key': 'R9-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '252', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMcp1411910', 'article-title': 'Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia.', 'volume': '373', 'author': 'Greinacher', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': 'R10-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '394', 'DOI': '10.12688/f1000research.132214.3', 'article-title': 'Impact of vitamin D deficiency in relation to the clinical outcomes of ' 'hospitalized COVID-19 patients.', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Rachman', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'F1000 Res'}, { 'key': 'R11-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1066411', 'DOI': '10.3389/fnut.2022.1066411', 'article-title': 'The correlation between serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels and ' 'anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG and neutralizing antibody levels among cancer ' 'patients receiving COVID-19 vaccines.', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Rachman', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Front Nutr'}, { 'key': 'R12-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '40', 'DOI': '10.1002/jcph.774', 'article-title': 'The effect of treatment of vitamin D deficiency on the level of ' 'P‐Selectin and hs‐CRP in patients with thromboembolism: a pilot ' 'randomized clinical trial.', 'volume': '57', 'author': 'Hejazi', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Pharmacol'}, { 'key': 'R13-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.3389/fnut.2021.755883', 'article-title': 'The role of vitamin D in the relationship between gender and deep vein ' 'thrombosis among stroke patients.', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Tao', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Front Nutr'}, { 'key': 'R14-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2092', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2104840', 'article-title': 'Thrombotic thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination.', 'volume': '384', 'author': 'Greinacher', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': 'R15-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2867', 'DOI': '10.1161/01.CIR.102.23.2867', 'article-title': '1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its potent synthetic analogs downregulate ' 'tissue factor and upregulate thrombomodulin expression in monocytic ' 'cells, counteracting the effects of tumor necrosis factor and oxidized ' 'LDL.', 'volume': '102', 'author': 'Ohsawa', 'year': '2000', 'journal-title': 'Circulation'}, { 'key': 'R16-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1157', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00210-020-01911-4', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D can prevent COVID-19 infection-induced multiple organ damage.', 'volume': '393', 'author': 'Aygun', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol'}, { 'key': 'R17-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '114', 'DOI': '10.1055/s-0031-1300957', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D, thrombosis, and hemostasis: more than skin deep.', 'volume': '38', 'author': 'Targher', 'year': '2012', 'journal-title': 'Semin Thromb Hemost'}, { 'key': 'R18-20240917', 'first-page': 'E468', 'article-title': 'Plasma P-selectin is an early marker of thromboembolism in COVID-19.', 'author': 'Fenyves', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'medRxiv'}, { 'key': 'R19-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1092', 'DOI': '10.1080/09537104.2021.1921721', 'article-title': 'Distinct phenotypes of platelet, monocyte, and neutrophil activation ' 'occur during the acute and convalescent phase of COVID-19.', 'volume': '32', 'author': 'Chao', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Platelets'}, { 'key': 'R20-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '7942', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijms22157942', 'article-title': 'The role of P-Selectin in COVID-19 coagulopathy: an updated review.', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'Agrati', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Int J Mol Sci'}, { 'key': 'R21-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1404', 'DOI': '10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.317703', 'article-title': 'Platelets can associate with SARS-CoV-2 RNA and are hyperactivated in ' 'COVID-19.', 'volume': '127', 'author': 'Zaid', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Circ Res'}, { 'key': 'R22-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2071', 'DOI': '10.1111/jth.14879', 'article-title': 'What do monitoring platelet counts in COVID‐19 teach us?', 'volume': '18', 'author': 'Thachil', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Thromb Haemost'}, { 'key': 'R23-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1469', 'DOI': '10.1111/jth.14848', 'article-title': 'Thrombocytopenia and its association with mortality in patients with ' 'COVID‐19.', 'volume': '18', 'author': 'Yang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Thromb Haemost'}, { 'key': 'R24-20240917', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '261', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.09.064', 'article-title': 'Antithrombotic therapy in patients with COVID-19? -rationale and ' 'evidence-.', 'volume': '324', 'author': 'Godino', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Int J Cardiol'}], 'container-title': 'Medicine', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/MD.0000000000039252', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 17]], 'date-time': '2024-09-17T17:21:38Z', 'timestamp': 1726593698000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/MD.0000000000039252'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 13]]}, 'references-count': 23, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '37', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2024]]}}, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000039252', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['0025-7974', '1536-5964'], 'subject': [], 'published': {'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 13]]}}