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All Studies   Meta Analysis       

Zinc and vitamin C intake increases spike and neutralising antibody production following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Quek et al., Clinical and Translational Medicine, doi:10.1002/ctm2.731, NCT04446104
Feb 2022  
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Vitamin C for COVID-19
6th treatment shown to reduce risk in September 2020, now with p = 0.00000002 from 73 studies, recognized in 12 countries.
Lower risk for mortality, ICU, hospitalization, and recovery.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 111 treatments. c19early.org
Antibody response analysis of 422 SARS-CoV-2 infected men in an RCT showing zinc + vitamin C treatment increased anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG and neutralizing antibody levels compared to other treatments (vitamin C, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, povidone-iodine). Seropositive men who were initially negative for neutralising antibodies were approximately four times more likely to develop neutralising antibody positivity by day 42 in the zinc + vitamin C group compared with other treatments, OR 3.75, [1.69–8.32]. The extent of increase in serum zinc levels correlated with the increase in anti-spike IgG. This is a substudy for Seet et al.
Study covers zinc and vitamin C.
Quek et al., 20 Feb 2022, Randomized Controlled Trial, Singapore, peer-reviewed, 14 authors, trial NCT04446104 (history). Contact: raymond_seet@nus.edu.sg.
This PaperVitamin CAll
Abstract: Received: 2 November 2021 Revised: 23 January 2022 Accepted: 25 January 2022 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.731 LETTER TO EDITOR Zinc and vitamin C intake increases spike and neutralising antibody production following SARS-CoV-2 infection Dear Editor, Previous studies have not examined whether pharmacologic interventions could increase SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses. Certain medications (e.g. zinc and vitamin C) are known to stimulate immunologic responses following infections.1,2 Zinc exerts pluripotent effects on the immune system and supports the integrity of the epithelial cell barriers,1,3 while vitamin C is an antioxidant that potentially protects against viral respiratory infections.2 Hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin are anti-parasitic medications that are known to modulate innate and adaptive immunity.4,5 By contrast, povidone-iodine is a topical broad spectrum antiseptic capable of direct virucidal effects.6 We hypothesise that interventions that support immune regulatory functions could enhance production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike and neutralising TA B L E 1 antibodies among individuals with prior infection. Using materials and resources of the DORM trial (NCT04446104),7 we compared the antibody responses at baseline and on day 42 among seropositive participants who received the different medications as part of this trial. Participants from the study were selected from the DORM trial, an open label, randomised clinical trial that examined the efficacy of either oral hydroxychloroquine (400 mg followed by 200 mg/day), povidone-iodine throat spray (three times a day, approximately 270 μg/day), oral ivermectin (12 mg, single dose), oral zinc + vitamin C (80 mg zinc sulfate, 500 mg vitamin C/day) or oral vitamin C (500 mg/day), for 42 days to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection (Supporting Information).7 From 4257 recruited participants, those found with new SARS-CoV-2 infection on recruitment were enrolled into the present substudy. Clinical characteristics of study participants Zinc + vitamin C (n = 68) Hydroxychloroquine (n = 67) Ivermectin (n = 99) Povidone-iodine (n = 107) Vitamin C (n = 81) 33.2 (7.8) 30.6 (6.4) 33.6 (6.9) 32.0 (6.6) 32.9 (7.1) Participant characteristics Age (years), mean (SD) Country of origin Bangladesh 36 (52.9%) 28 (41.8%) 46 (46.5%) 52 (48.6%) 40 (49.4%) India 32 (47.1%) 38 (56.7%) 51 (51.5%) 55 (51.4%) 41 (50.6%) Others 0 1 (1.5%) 2 (2.0%) 0 0 Hypertension 1 (1.5%) 1 (1.5%) 3 (3.1%) 1 (0.9%) 0 Diabetes mellitus 1 (1.5%) 0 1 (1.0%) 0 1 (1.3%) Hyperlipidemia 0 0 1 (1.0%) 0 0 Systolic BP (mmHg) 136.6 (15.9) 127.4 (11.6) 135.7 (15.1) 134.4 (17.7) 133.8 (17.5) Diastolic BP (mmHg) 86.6 (11.6) 81.2 (6.4) 89.8 (9.3) 86.6 (11.6) 88.5 (10.9) Medical history Baseline parameters a a Pulse rate (per min) 97.4 (15.5) 86.9 (7.9) 96.9 (13.4) 93.3 (11.8) 97.1 (13.9) Body mass index (kg/m2 ) 24.34 (3.43) 24.36 (3.44) 25.73 (2.72) 24.62 (3.55) 24.19 (3.02) Resting heart rate. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2022 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics Clin. Transl. Med. 2022;12:e731. https://doi.org/10.1002/ctm2.731 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ctm2 1 of 5 LETTER TO EDITOR F..
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