Adherence to Healthy Eating Index-2015 and severity of disease in hospitalised military patients with COVID-19: a cross sectional study

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.1136/military-2022-002173", "ISSN": [ "2633-3767", "2633-3775" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/military-2022-002173", "abstract": "<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>Proper nutrition can play an important role in preventing and improving disease progression in patients with COVID-19. The Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) is one of the most common measures used to assess overall nutritional quality. This research aimed to identify the relationship between the HEI-2015 score and disease severity in hospitalised military patients with COVID-19.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study was conducted in 295 hospitalised military patients (retired military and military reserve) with COVID-19. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess food intake. To evaluate the quality of the diet, the HEI-2015 score was calculated. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to measure the association between HEI-2015 scores and disease severity (intensive care unit (ICU) admission and length of hospital stay greater than 4 days) in hospitalised military patients with COVID-19.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The mean HEI-2015 score was significantly higher in non-ICU patients than in ICU patients (58.39±15.02 vs 53.54±15.65, p=0.01). After adjusting for possible confounding factors including age, sex, comorbidities, calorie intake, body mass index and physical activity, adherence to HEI-2015 inversely related to ICU admission (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.95 to 1.00) and length of hospital stay of more than 4 days (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.00) in hospitalised military patients with COVID-19, although statistically not significant.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>According to the results of the study, adherence to HEI-2015 inversely related to both ICU admission and length of hospital stay in hospitalised military patients with COVID-19, although it was not statistically significant.</jats:p></jats:sec>", "alternative-id": [ "10.1136/military-2022-002173" ], "author": [ { "affiliation": [], "family": "Parastouei", "given": "Karim", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Shokooee Jud", "given": "S", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6441-5887", "affiliation": [], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Sepandi", "given": "M", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Abbaszadeh", "given": "S", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Samadi", "given": "M", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Meftahi", "given": "GH", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2853-0196", "affiliation": [], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Taghdir", "given": "M", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "BMJ Military Health", "container-title-short": "BMJ Mil Health", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": true, "domain": [ "bmj.com" ] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 10, 24 ] ], "date-time": "2022-10-24T09:48:57Z", "timestamp": 1666604937000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 10, 24 ] ], "date-time": "2022-10-24T09:49:15Z", "timestamp": 1666604955000 }, "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 10, 25 ] ], "date-time": "2022-10-25T05:03:31Z", "timestamp": 1666674211630 }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 10, 6 ] ] }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "https://bmj.com/coronavirus/usage", "content-version": "tdm", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 10, 6 ] ], "date-time": "2022-10-06T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1665014400000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1136/military-2022-002173", "content-type": "unspecified", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "239", "original-title": [], "page": "e002173", "prefix": "10.1136", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 10, 6 ] ] }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 10, 6 ] ] }, "publisher": "BMJ", "reference": [ { "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0265489", "article-title": "Estimation of the basic reproduction number of alpha and delta variants of COVID-19 pandemic in Iran", "author": "Sheikhi", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "journal-title": "PLoS One", "key": "2022102402485147000_military-2022-002173v1.1", "volume": "17", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104378", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "2022102402485147000_military-2022-002173v1.2" }, { "DOI": "10.1002/jmv.25884", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "2022102402485147000_military-2022-002173v1.3" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "2022102402485147000_military-2022-002173v1.4" }, { "article-title": "Case fatality rate of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "author": "Alimohamadi", "first-page": "E311", "journal-title": "J Prev Med Hyg", "key": "2022102402485147000_military-2022-002173v1.5", "volume": "62", "year": "2021" }, { "article-title": "Factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "author": "Sepandi", "journal-title": "Iran J Public Health", "key": "2022102402485147000_military-2022-002173v1.6", "volume": "49", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1007/s10238-020-00671-y", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "2022102402485147000_military-2022-002173v1.7" }, { "DOI": "10.3390/nu12041181", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "key": "2022102402485147000_military-2022-002173v1.8", "unstructured": "Calder P , Carr A , Gombart A , et al . 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