Measurement of Vitamin D Level among Covid-19 Patients and its Correlation with Severity of the Disease

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 4]], 'date-time': '2024-07-04T00:24:32Z', 'timestamp': 1720052672351}, 'reference-count': 0, 'publisher': 'Oxford University Press (OUP)', 'issue': 'Supplement_1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 6, 1]], 'date-time': '2024-06-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1717200000000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 3]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is defined as illness caused by ' 'a novel coronavirus now called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), ' 'which was first identified among an outbreak of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan City, ' 'China. Vitamin D is known to play a key role in the maintenance of bone health and ' 'calcium–phosphorus metabolism, yet many other functions of this vitamin have been recently ' 'postulated, such as modulation of the immune response in both infectious and autoimmune ' 'diseases. Different studies showed that severity of covid-19 infection is directly related to ' 'vitamin D level.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>This is an observational cross-sectional study, which includes 80 ' 'COVID-19 patients, and admitted in the ward and ICU of EL Medany Hospital, EL Demerdash and ' 'EL Obour specialized hospital. All patients had positive PCR for COVID-19. Chest CT without ' 'contrast was done for all patients and categorized according to CORAD staging. Serum vitamin ' 'D level was measured, besides laboratory inflammatory markers (CRP, ferritin, d-dimer), ' 'kidney and liver function tests, and complete blood picture.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Our study included 80 patients; 33 males and 47 females with mean ' 'age of (51±10.5 years). Measured Vitamin D level range was (10±9\u2009ng/mL). It was found ' 'that male patients had higher level of serum vitamin D (12.6±8.6\u2009ng/mL) than female ' 'patients (11.5±9.5\u2009ng/mL) but with no statistically significant difference. The ' 'commonest presentations were sore throat (97.5%), and fever (93.75%). COVID-19 patients ' 'presenting with cough and fever had highly significantly lower levels of vitamin D than ' 'patients not presenting by these symptoms (P-value 0.006, 0.032) respectively. In the current ' 'study, patients with CORAD 5 in chest CT had the lowest vitamin D level (9.6±7.8\u2009ng/mL), ' 'compared to patients with CORAD 3 (13.6±9.7\u2009ng/mL), and CORAD 4 (11.8 ±8.8\u2009ng/mL). ' 'According to the correlation analysis, a decrease in vitamin D levels was associated with ' 'more severe COVID-19 cases, with significantly higher blood levels of inflammatory markers ' 'CRP and ferritin (P-value 0.02, 0.01). No correlation was found between vitamin D levels and ' 'hemoglobin level, white cell count, platelet count, or D-Dimer.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Our findings suggest that the COVID-19-positive individuals with ' 'lower vitamin D levels, had significantly higher blood levels of inflammatory markers ' '(Ferritin and CRP), and increased frequencies of ground-glass opacity appearance in chest CT ' 'scans. Accordingly, vitamin D deficiency may be a marker of poor prognosis in COVID-19 ' 'patients.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1093/qjmed/hcae070.291', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 3]], 'date-time': '2024-07-03T15:12:55Z', 'timestamp': 1720019575000}, 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Measurement of Vitamin D Level among Covid-19 Patients and its Correlation with Severity of the ' 'Disease', 'prefix': '10.1093', 'volume': '117', 'author': [ { 'given': 'Caroline', 'family': 'Morad', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, ' 'Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University'}]}, { 'given': 'Reem', 'family': 'Habeeb', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, ' 'Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University'}]}, { 'given': 'Esraa', 'family': 'Yassin', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, ' 'Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University'}]}, { 'given': 'Salma', 'family': 'Khalil', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, ' 'Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University'}]}], 'member': '286', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 3]]}, 'container-title': 'QJM: An International Journal of Medicine', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article-pdf/117/Supplement_1/hcae070.291/58413629/hcae070.291.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'syndication'}, { 'URL': 'https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article-pdf/117/Supplement_1/hcae070.291/58413629/hcae070.291.pdf', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 3]], 'date-time': '2024-07-03T15:12:56Z', 'timestamp': 1720019576000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': { 'primary': { 'URL': 'https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/doi/10.1093/qjmed/hcae070.291/7705193'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2024, 6, 1]]}, 'references-count': 0, 'journal-issue': { 'issue': 'Supplement_1', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 3]]}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 3]]}}, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcae070.291', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['1460-2725', '1460-2393'], 'subject': [], 'published-other': {'date-parts': [[2024, 6, 1]]}, 'published': {'date-parts': [[2024, 6, 1]]}}