Comparing vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in rs11568820, rs7970314, rs4334089 between COVID-19 patients with mild and severe symptoms: a case control study

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.1038/s41598-024-57424-0", "ISSN": [ "2045-2322" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57424-0", "abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The associations of vitamin D receptor (VDR)- single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the symptoms of COVID-19 may vary between patients with different severities of COVID-19. Therefore, in the present study, we aim to compare VDR polymorphisms in severe and mild COVID-19 patients. In this study, a total number of 85 hospitalized patients and 91 mild/moderate patients with COVID-19 were recruited. SNPs in VDR genes were determined using ARMS and then confirmed by sanger sequencing. The mean (SD) age of participants in hospitalized and non-hospitalized group was 59.0 (12.4) and 47.8 (14.8) years, respectively. Almost 46% of participants in hospitalized and 48% of participant in non-hospitalized group were male. The frequency of TT genotype of SNP rs11568820 was significantly lower in hospitalized than non-hospitalized group (3.5% vs. 17.6%; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.018). However, there was no significant differences between genotypes of SNPs rs7970314 and rs4334089 and also alleles frequencies in all SNPs of two groups. The genotype of rs11568820 SNP had an inverse association with hospitalization of patients with COVID-19 after adjustment for comorbidities [OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.04, 0.88; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.034]. While, there was no relationship between genotypes of SNPs rs7970314 and rs4334089 and hospitalization. The TT genotype of rs11568820 plays protective role in sever COVID-19 and hospitalization. Further studies with a large sample size which consider various confounding factors are warranted to confirm our results.</jats:p>", "alternative-id": [ "57424" ], "article-number": "10170", "assertion": [ { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "Received", "name": "received", "order": 1, "value": "3 December 2023" }, { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "Accepted", "name": "accepted", "order": 2, "value": "18 March 2024" }, { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "First Online", "name": "first_online", "order": 3, "value": "3 May 2024" }, { "group": { "label": "Competing interests", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 1, "value": "The authors declare no competing interests." } ], "author": [ { "affiliation": [], "family": "Mohammadifard", "given": "Noushin", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Sadeghian", "given": "Ladan", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Hassannejad", "given": "Razieh", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Khosravi", "given": "Elham", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Gharipour", "given": "Mojgan", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Karimi", "given": "Simin", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Hosseini", "given": "Shidokht", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Sepahifar", "given": "Mahtab", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Bahrami", "given": "Ghazaleh", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Haghighatdoost", "given": "Fahimeh", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Sarrafzadegan", "given": "Nizal", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "Scientific Reports", "container-title-short": "Sci Rep", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [ "link.springer.com" ] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 5, 3 ] ], "date-time": "2024-05-03T07:02:34Z", "timestamp": 1714719754000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 5, 3 ] ], "date-time": "2024-05-03T07:05:34Z", "timestamp": 1714719934000 }, "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 5, 4 ] ], "date-time": "2024-05-04T00:36:10Z", "timestamp": 1714782970848 }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issue": "1", "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 5, 3 ] ] }, "journal-issue": { "issue": "1", "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 12 ] ] } }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "content-version": "tdm", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 5, 3 ] ], "date-time": "2024-05-03T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1714694400000 } }, { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "content-version": "vor", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 5, 3 ] ], "date-time": "2024-05-03T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1714694400000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-57424-0.pdf", "content-type": "application/pdf", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" }, { "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-57424-0", "content-type": "text/html", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" }, { "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-57424-0.pdf", "content-type": "application/pdf", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "297", "original-title": [], "prefix": "10.1038", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 5, 3 ] ] }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 5, 3 ] ] }, "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "reference": [ { "DOI": "10.1001/jama.2020.6775", "author": "S Richardson", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "2052", "issue": "20", "journal-title": "JAMA", "key": "57424_CR1", "unstructured": "Richardson, S. et al. 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