Comparing vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in rs11568820, rs7970314, rs4334089 between COVID-19 patients with mild and severe symptoms: a case control study

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 4]], 'date-time': '2024-05-04T00:36:10Z', 'timestamp': 1714782970848}, 'reference-count': 30, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 3]], 'date-time': '2024-05-03T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1714694400000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 3]], 'date-time': '2024-05-03T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1714694400000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The associations of vitamin D receptor (VDR)- single ' 'nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the symptoms of COVID-19 may vary between patients with ' 'different severities of COVID-19. Therefore, in the present study, we aim to compare VDR ' 'polymorphisms in severe and mild COVID-19 patients. In this study, a total number of 85 ' 'hospitalized patients and 91\xa0mild/moderate patients with COVID-19 were recruited. SNPs in ' 'VDR genes were determined using ARMS and then confirmed by sanger sequencing. The mean (SD) ' 'age of participants in hospitalized and non-hospitalized group was 59.0 (12.4) and 47.8 ' '(14.8)\xa0years, respectively. Almost 46% of participants in hospitalized and 48% of ' 'participant in non-hospitalized group were male. The frequency of TT genotype of SNP ' 'rs11568820 was significantly lower in hospitalized than non-hospitalized group (3.5% vs. ' '17.6%; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.018). However, there was no significant ' 'differences between genotypes of SNPs rs7970314 and rs4334089 and also alleles frequencies in ' 'all SNPs of two groups. The genotype of rs11568820 SNP had an inverse association with ' 'hospitalization of patients with COVID-19 after adjustment for comorbidities [OR\u20090.18, ' '95% CI 0.04, 0.88; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.034]. While, there was no ' 'relationship between genotypes of SNPs rs7970314 and rs4334089 and hospitalization. The TT ' 'genotype of rs11568820 plays protective role in sever COVID-19 and hospitalization. Further ' 'studies with a large sample size which consider various confounding factors are warranted to ' 'confirm our results.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-024-57424-0', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 3]], 'date-time': '2024-05-03T07:02:34Z', 'timestamp': 1714719754000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Comparing vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in rs11568820, rs7970314, rs4334089 between ' 'COVID-19 patients with mild and severe symptoms: a case control study', 'prefix': '10.1038', 'volume': '14', 'author': [ {'given': 'Noushin', 'family': 'Mohammadifard', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ladan', 'family': 'Sadeghian', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Razieh', 'family': 'Hassannejad', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Elham', 'family': 'Khosravi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Mojgan', 'family': 'Gharipour', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Simin', 'family': 'Karimi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Shidokht', 'family': 'Hosseini', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Mahtab', 'family': 'Sepahifar', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ghazaleh', 'family': 'Bahrami', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Fahimeh', 'family': 'Haghighatdoost', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Nizal', 'family': 'Sarrafzadegan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 3]]}, 'reference': [ { 'issue': '20', 'key': '57424_CR1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2052', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.6775', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'S Richardson', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Richardson, S. et al. 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