Dissecting clinical features of COVID-19 in a cohort of 21,312 acute care patients

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.1038/s43856-025-00844-4", "ISSN": [ "2730-664X" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-00844-4", "alternative-id": [ "844" ], "article-number": "138", "assertion": [ { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "Received", "name": "received", "order": 1, "value": "15 March 2024" }, { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "Accepted", "name": "accepted", "order": 2, "value": "4 April 2025" }, { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "First Online", "name": "first_online", "order": 3, "value": "25 April 2025" }, { "group": { "label": "Competing interests", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 1, "value": "C.M., E.S., N.B., J.M., R.M., D.W., and J.R. have no disclosures. J.B. has given a talk on updates in Hospital Medicine 8/04/2023 at the 11th Management of the Complex Hospitalized Patient. W.M.B. has received honoraria for COVID-19 and Long COVID lecture to the HNI institute, TNP Nurse Practitioners conference, travel support for Texas ACP conference and Society of Hospital Medicine national conference for Long COVID presentations. E.M. has received honoraria for COVD-19 and Long COVID work from National Center for Health Research and American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation." } ], "author": [ { "ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8986-9762", "affiliation": [], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Maguire", "given": "Cole", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Soloveichik", "given": "Elie", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Blinchevsky", "given": "Netta", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Miller", "given": "Jaimie", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Morrison", "given": "Robert", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3334-0768", "affiliation": [], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Busch", "given": "Johanna", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0930-478X", "affiliation": [], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Michael Brode", "given": "W.", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Wylie", "given": "Dennis", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2817-9124", "affiliation": [], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Rousseau", "given": "Justin", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5571-3591", "affiliation": [], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Melamed", "given": "Esther", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "Communications Medicine", "container-title-short": "Commun Med", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [ "link.springer.com" ] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 25 ] ], "date-time": "2025-04-25T08:17:18Z", "timestamp": 1745569038000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 25 ] ], "date-time": "2025-04-25T09:02:47Z", "timestamp": 1745571767000 }, "funder": [ { "DOI": "10.13039/100000027", "award": [ "K08 T26-1616-11" ], "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "id": [ { "asserted-by": "publisher", "id": "10.13039/100000027", "id-type": "DOI" } ], "name": "U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism" }, { "DOI": "10.13039/100000026", "award": [ "5T32DA018926-18" ], "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "id": [ { "asserted-by": "publisher", "id": "10.13039/100000026", "id-type": "DOI" } ], "name": "U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse" }, { "DOI": "10.13039/100000060", "award": [ "R01AI104870-S1" ], "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "id": [ { "asserted-by": "publisher", "id": "10.13039/100000060", "id-type": "DOI" } ], "name": "U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" } ], "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 26 ] ], "date-time": "2025-04-26T04:03:38Z", "timestamp": 1745640218953, "version": "3.40.4" }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issue": "1", "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 25 ] ] }, "journal-issue": { "issue": "1", "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 12 ] ] } }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0", "content-version": "tdm", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 25 ] ], "date-time": "2025-04-25T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1745539200000 } }, { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0", "content-version": "vor", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 25 ] ], "date-time": "2025-04-25T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1745539200000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s43856-025-00844-4.pdf", "content-type": "application/pdf", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" }, { "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s43856-025-00844-4", "content-type": "text/html", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" }, { "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s43856-025-00844-4.pdf", "content-type": "application/pdf", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "297", "original-title": [], "prefix": "10.1038", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 25 ] ] }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 25 ] ] }, "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "reference": [ { "key": "844_CR1", "unstructured": "COVID-19 cases | WHO COVID-19 dashboard. datadot https://data.who.int/dashboards/covid19/cases." }, { "DOI": "10.3390/jcm10030446", "author": "V Thakur", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "446", "journal-title": "J. Clin. Med", "key": "844_CR2", "unstructured": "Thakur, V. et al. Multi-organ involvement in COVID-19: Beyond pulmonary manifestations. J. Clin. Med. 10, 446 (2021).", "volume": "10", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104208", "author": "A Ozonoff", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "104208", "journal-title": "EBioMedicine", "key": "844_CR3", "unstructured": "Ozonoff, A. et al. Phenotypes of disease severity in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Results from the IMPACC study. EBioMedicine 83, 104208 (2022).", "volume": "83", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1183/16000617.0098-2022", "author": "CI Vardavas", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "220098", "journal-title": "Eur. Respir. Rev.", "key": "844_CR4", "unstructured": "Vardavas, C. I. et al. Prognostic factors for mortality, intensive care unit and hospital admission due to SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies in Europe. Eur. Respir. Rev. 31, 220098 (2022).", "volume": "31", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1136/bmj.m1328", "author": "L Wynants", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "m1328", "journal-title": "BMJ", "key": "844_CR5", "unstructured": "Wynants, L. et al. Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19: systematic review and critical appraisal. BMJ 369, m1328 (2020).", "volume": "369", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.7326/M20-3905", "author": "BT Garibaldi", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "33", "journal-title": "Ann. Intern Med", "key": "844_CR6", "unstructured": "Garibaldi, B. T. et al. Patient trajectories among persons hospitalized for COVID-19: A cohort study. Ann. Intern Med. 174, 33–41 (2021).", "volume": "174", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.ajic.2020.07.005", "author": "W Gavin", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "158", "journal-title": "Am. J. Infect. Control", "key": "844_CR7", "unstructured": "Gavin, W. et al. Clinical characteristics, outcomes and prognosticators in adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Am. J. Infect. Control 49, 158–165 (2021).", "volume": "49", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.4037/ajcc2022549", "author": "ID Peltan", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "146", "journal-title": "Am. J. Crit. Care", "key": "844_CR8", "unstructured": "Peltan, I. D. et al. Characteristics and outcomes of US patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Am. J. Crit. Care 31, 146–157 (2022).", "volume": "31", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1038/s41598-022-13371-2", "author": "A Dutta", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Sci. Rep.", "key": "844_CR9", "unstructured": "Dutta, A. COVID-19 waves: variant dynamics and control. Sci. Rep. 12, 9332 (2022).", "volume": "12", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.01.007", "author": "PA Christensen", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "642", "journal-title": "Am. J. Pathol.", "key": "844_CR10", "unstructured": "Christensen, P. A. et al. Signals of significantly increased vaccine breakthrough, decreased hospitalization rates, and less severe disease in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Caused by the Omicron Variant of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Houston, Texas. Am. J. Pathol. 192, 642–652 (2022).", "volume": "192", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1055/s-0040-1709652", "author": "A Khurshid", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "e59", "journal-title": "ACI Open", "key": "844_CR11", "unstructured": "Khurshid, A., Rousseau, J., Andrews, S. & Tierney, W. Establishing a data-sharing environment for a 21st-century academic health center. ACI Open 04, e59–e68 (2020).", "volume": "04", "year": "2020" }, { "key": "844_CR12", "unstructured": "COVID-19 Therapeutic Trial Synopsis. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/covid-19-therapeutic-trial-synopsis." }, { "DOI": "10.18637/jss.v078.i02", "author": "C Proust-Lima", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1", "journal-title": "J. Stat. Softw.", "key": "844_CR13", "unstructured": "Proust-Lima, C., Philipps, V. & Liquet, B. Estimation of extended mixed models using latent classes and latent processes: The R package lcmm. J. Stat. Softw. 78, 1–56 (2017).", "volume": "78", "year": "2017" }, { "DOI": "10.32614/CRAN.package.gbmt", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "key": "844_CR14", "unstructured": "Magrini, A. gbmt: Group-Based Multivariate Trajectory Modeling. (2022)." }, { "key": "844_CR15", "unstructured": "COVID-19 Dashboards | AustinTexas.gov. https://www.austintexas.gov/page/covid-19-dashboards." }, { "key": "844_CR16", "unstructured": "Christensen, R. H. B. ordinal: Regression Models for Ordinal Data. (2024)." }, { "key": "844_CR17", "unstructured": "Wood, S. & Scheipl, F. gamm4: Generalized Additive Mixed Models using ‘mgcv’ and ‘lme4’. (2020)." }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.exger.2021.111507", "author": "M Farshbafnadi", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "111507", "journal-title": "Exp. Gerontol.", "key": "844_CR18", "unstructured": "Farshbafnadi, M., Kamali Zonouzi, S., Sabahi, M., Dolatshahi, M. & Aarabi, M. H. Aging & COVID-19 susceptibility, disease severity, and clinical outcomes: The role of entangled risk factors. Exp. Gerontol. 154, 111507 (2021).", "volume": "154", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1126/scitranslmed.adj5154", "author": "HV Phan", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "eadj5154", "journal-title": "Sci. Transl. Med.", "key": "844_CR19", "unstructured": "Phan, H. V. et al. Host-microbe multiomic profiling reveals age-dependent immune dysregulation associated with COVID-19 immunopathology. Sci. Transl. Med. 16, eadj5154 (2024).", "volume": "16", "year": "2024" }, { "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0243191", "author": "K Dorjee", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "PLoS One", "key": "844_CR20", "unstructured": "Dorjee, K., Kim, H., Bonomo, E. & Dolma, R. Prevalence and predictors of death and severe disease in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of 77 studies and 38,000 patients. PLoS One 15, e0243191 (2020).", "volume": "15", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.3390/jcm9103148", "author": "P-Y Boëlle", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "3148", "journal-title": "J. Clin. Med.", "key": "844_CR21", "unstructured": "Boëlle, P.-Y. et al. Trajectories of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients: An observational study in France. J. Clin. Med. 9, 3148 (2020).", "volume": "9", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1186/s12879-021-06536-3", "author": "ZG Dessie", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "BMC Infect. Dis.", "key": "844_CR22", "unstructured": "Dessie, Z. G. & Zewotir, T. Mortality-related risk factors of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 42 studies and 423,117 patients. BMC Infect. Dis. 21, 855 (2021).", "volume": "21", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.3389/fpubh.2022.1029190", "author": "SA Kharroubi", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1029190", "journal-title": "Front Public Health", "key": "844_CR23", "unstructured": "Kharroubi, S. A. & Diab-El-Harake, M. Sex-differences in COVID-19 diagnosis, risk factors and disease comorbidities: A large US-based cohort study. Front Public Health 10, 1029190 (2022).", "volume": "10", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0268022", "author": "AC Ricardo", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "e0268022", "journal-title": "PLoS One", "key": "844_CR24", "unstructured": "Ricardo, A. C. et al. Hispanic ethnicity and mortality among critically ill patients with COVID-19. PLoS One 17, e0268022 (2022).", "volume": "17", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.3389/fpubh.2021.743003", "author": "P Athavale", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "743003", "journal-title": "Front Public Health", "key": "844_CR25", "unstructured": "Athavale, P., Kumar, V., Clark, J., Mondal, S. & Sur, S. Differential impact of COVID-19 risk factors on ethnicities in the United States. Front Public Health 9, 743003 (2021).", "volume": "9", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.12788/jhm.3717", "author": "F Velasco", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "659", "journal-title": "J. Hosp. Med", "key": "844_CR26", "unstructured": "Velasco, F. et al. Association of healthcare access with intensive care unit utilization and mortality in patients of hispanic ethnicity hospitalized with COVID-19. J. Hosp. Med. 16, 659–666 (2021).", "volume": "16", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1136/bmj-2021-069761", "author": "AS Lauring", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "BMJ", "key": "844_CR27", "unstructured": "Lauring, A. S. et al. Clinical severity of, and effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against, covid-19 from omicron, delta, and alpha SARS-CoV-2 variants in the United States: prospective observational study. BMJ 376, e069761 (2022).", "volume": "376", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.38354", "author": "ZH Strasser", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "e2238354", "journal-title": "JAMA Netw. Open", "key": "844_CR28", "unstructured": "Strasser, Z. H., Greifer, N., Hadavand, A., Murphy, S. N. & Estiri, H. Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 subvariant severity in New England. JAMA Netw. Open 5, e2238354 (2022).", "volume": "5", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jama.2021.19499", "author": "MW Tenforde", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "2043", "journal-title": "JAMA", "key": "844_CR29", "unstructured": "Tenforde, M. W. et al. Association between mRNA vaccination and COVID-19 hospitalization and disease severity. JAMA 326, 2043–2054 (2021).", "volume": "326", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1111/ene.14748", "author": "S Portela-Sánchez", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "3339", "journal-title": "Eur. J. Neurol.", "key": "844_CR30", "unstructured": "Portela-Sánchez, S. et al. Neurological complications of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: The registry of a neurology department in the first wave of the pandemic. Eur. J. Neurol. 28, 3339–3347 (2021).", "volume": "28", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1002/pmrj.12976", "author": "E Melamed", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "640", "journal-title": "PM R.", "key": "844_CR31", "unstructured": "Melamed, E. et al. Multidisciplinary collaborative consensus guidance statement on the assessment and treatment of neurologic sequelae in patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). PM R. 15, 640–662 (2023).", "volume": "15", "year": "2023" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.pmr.2023.04.004", "author": "A Ramasamy", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "623", "journal-title": "Phys. Med. Rehab. Clin. North Am.", "key": "844_CR32", "unstructured": "Ramasamy, A., Wang, C., Brode, W. M., Verduzco-Gutierrez, M. & Melamed, E. Immunologic and autoimmune-related sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection: Clinical symptoms and mechanisms of disease. Phys. Med. Rehab. Clin. North Am. 34, 623–642 (2023).", "volume": "34", "year": "2023" }, { "DOI": "10.1186/s12985-023-02061-8", "author": "C Wang", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "124", "journal-title": "Virol. J.", "key": "844_CR33", "unstructured": "Wang, C., Ramasamy, A., Verduzco-Gutierrez, M., Brode, W. M. & Melamed, E. Acute and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review of risk factors and social determinants. Virol. J. 20, 124 (2023).", "volume": "20", "year": "2023" }, { "DOI": "10.2147/IJGM.S312521", "author": "Y Xu", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "2785", "journal-title": "Int J. Gen. Med.", "key": "844_CR34", "unstructured": "Xu, Y. et al. Serum albumin levels are a predictor of COVID-19 patient prognosis: Evidence from a single cohort in Chongqing, China. Int J. Gen. Med. 14, 2785–2797 (2021).", "volume": "14", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.14740/jocmr4507", "author": "R Acharya", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "258", "journal-title": "J. Clin. Med. Res.", "key": "844_CR35", "unstructured": "Acharya, R. et al. Low serum albumin predicts severe outcomes in COVID-19 infection: A single-center retrospective case-control study. J. Clin. Med. Res. 13, 258–267 (2021).", "volume": "13", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.amolm.2023.100033", "author": "R Varricchio", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Asp. Mol. Med.", "key": "844_CR36", "unstructured": "Varricchio, R. et al. Human serum albumin binds spike protein and protects cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection by modulating the RAS pathway. Asp. Mol. Med. 3, 100033 (2024).", "volume": "3", "year": "2024" }, { "DOI": "10.1681/ASN.2009020213", "author": "AN Friedman", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "223", "journal-title": "J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.", "key": "844_CR37", "unstructured": "Friedman, A. N. & Fadem, S. Z. Reassessment of albumin as a nutritional marker in kidney disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 21, 223–230 (2010).", "volume": "21", "year": "2010" }, { "DOI": "10.3390/jcm8060775", "author": "U Keller", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "775", "journal-title": "J. Clin. Med.", "key": "844_CR38", "unstructured": "Keller, U. Nutritional laboratory markers in malnutrition. J. Clin. Med. 8, 775 (2019).", "volume": "8", "year": "2019" }, { "DOI": "10.1515/rns.2011.028", "author": "KD Prajapati", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "355", "journal-title": "Rev. Neurosci.", "key": "844_CR39", "unstructured": "Prajapati, K. D., Sharma, S. S. & Roy, N. Current perspectives on potential role of albumin in neuroprotection. Rev. Neurosci. 22, 355–363 (2011).", "volume": "22", "year": "2011" }, { "DOI": "10.3390/antiox9100966", "author": "DA Belinskaia", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "966", "journal-title": "Antioxid. (Basel)", "key": "844_CR40", "unstructured": "Belinskaia, D. A. et al. The universal soldier: Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant functions of serum albumin. Antioxid. (Basel) 9, 966 (2020).", "volume": "9", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.mam.2011.12.002", "author": "G Fanali", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "209", "journal-title": "Mol. Asp. Med.", "key": "844_CR41", "unstructured": "Fanali, G. et al. Human serum albumin: from bench to bedside. Mol. Asp. Med. 33, 209–290 (2012).", "volume": "33", "year": "2012" }, { "DOI": "10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306301", "author": "MA Gimbrone", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "620", "journal-title": "Circ. Res", "key": "844_CR42", "unstructured": "Gimbrone, M. A. & García-Cardeña, G. Endothelial cell dysfunction and the pathobiology of atherosclerosis. Circ. Res. 118, 620–636 (2016).", "volume": "118", "year": "2016" }, { "DOI": "10.1042/CS20180306", "author": "GR Geovanini", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1243", "journal-title": "Clin. Sci. (Lond.)", "key": "844_CR43", "unstructured": "Geovanini, G. R. & Libby, P. Atherosclerosis and inflammation: overview and updates. Clin. Sci. (Lond.) 132, 1243–1252 (2018).", "volume": "132", "year": "2018" }, { "DOI": "10.3109/09537109609023571", "author": "DP Mikhailidis", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "125", "journal-title": "Platelets", "key": "844_CR44", "unstructured": "Mikhailidis, D. P. & Ganotakis, E. S. Plasma albumin and platelet function: Relevance to atherogenesis and thrombosis. Platelets 7, 125–137 (1996).", "volume": "7", "year": "1996" }, { "DOI": "10.1212/WNL.0000000000010005", "author": "JW Kim", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "e815", "journal-title": "Neurology", "key": "844_CR45", "unstructured": "Kim, J. W. et al. Serum albumin and beta-amyloid deposition in the human brain. Neurology 95, e815–e826 (2020).", "volume": "95", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b02381", "author": "G Bellomo", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "4380", "journal-title": "J. Phys. Chem. B", "key": "844_CR46", "unstructured": "Bellomo, G. et al. Dissecting the interactions between human serum albumin and α-synuclein: New insights on the factors influencing α-synuclein aggregation in biological fluids. J. Phys. Chem. B 123, 4380–4386 (2019).", "volume": "123", "year": "2019" }, { "DOI": "10.1097/MD.0000000000030324", "author": "S Sun", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Med. (Baltim.)", "key": "844_CR47", "unstructured": "Sun, S., Wen, Y. & Li, Y. Serum albumin, cognitive function, motor impairment, and survival prognosis in Parkinson disease. Med. (Baltim.) 101, e30324 (2022).", "volume": "101", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.ajem.2020.12.003", "author": "E Vafadar Moradi", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "11", "journal-title": "Am. J. Emerg. Med.", "key": "844_CR48", "unstructured": "Vafadar Moradi, E. et al. Increased age, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and white blood cells count are associated with higher COVID-19 mortality. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 40, 11–14 (2021).", "volume": "40", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1172/JCI176640", "author": "JP Gygi", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "J. Clin. Invest", "key": "844_CR49", "unstructured": "Gygi, J. P. et al. Integrated longitudinal multiomics study identifies immune programs associated with acute COVID-19 severity and mortality. J. Clin. Invest 134, e176640 (2024).", "volume": "134", "year": "2024" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101079", "author": "J Diray-Arce", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "101079", "journal-title": "Cell Rep. Med.", "key": "844_CR50", "unstructured": "Diray-Arce, J. et al. Multi-omic longitudinal study reveals immune correlates of clinical course among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Cell Rep. Med. 4, 101079 (2023).", "volume": "4", "year": "2023" }, { "DOI": "10.1002/acr2.11252", "author": "RK Topless", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "333", "journal-title": "ACR Open Rheumatol.", "key": "844_CR51", "unstructured": "Topless, R. K. et al. Gout, rheumatoid arthritis, and the risk of death related to Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Analysis of the UK Biobank. ACR Open Rheumatol. 3, 333–340 (2021).", "volume": "3", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1111/ajt.16428", "author": "S Trapani", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "2509", "journal-title": "Am. J. Transpl.", "key": "844_CR52", "unstructured": "Trapani, S. et al. Incidence and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection on solid organ transplantation recipients: A nationwide population-based study. Am. J. Transpl. 21, 2509–2521 (2021).", "volume": "21", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1111/tid.13853", "author": "J Schaenman", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Transpl. Infect. Dis.", "key": "844_CR53", "unstructured": "Schaenman, J. et al. Impact of solid organ transplant status on outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection. Transpl. Infect. Dis. 24, e13853 (2022).", "volume": "24", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1186/s40001-022-00824-7", "author": "S SeyedAlinaghi", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Eur. J. Med. Res", "key": "844_CR54", "unstructured": "SeyedAlinaghi, S. et al. COVID-19 mortality in patients with immunodeficiency and its predictors: a systematic review. Eur. J. Med. Res. 27, 195 (2022).", "volume": "27", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.620", "author": "AM Shields", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "870", "journal-title": "J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.", "key": "844_CR55", "unstructured": "Shields, A. M., Burns, S. O., Savic, S., Richter, A. G. & UK PIN COVID-19 Consortium. COVID-19 in patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiency: The United Kingdom experience. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 147, 870–875.e1 (2021).", "volume": "147", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-3621844/v1", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "844_CR56", "unstructured": "Langelier, C. et al. Host-microbe multi-omic profiling identifies a unique program of COVID-19 inflammatory dysregulation in solid organ transplant recipients. Res. Sq rs.3.rs-3621844 https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3621844/v1 (2023)." }, { "DOI": "10.1016/S2665-9913(22)00227-2", "author": "G Figueroa-Parra", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "e765", "journal-title": "Lancet Rheumatol.", "key": "844_CR57", "unstructured": "Figueroa-Parra, G. et al. Risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes associated with rheumatoid arthritis and phenotypic subgroups: a retrospective, comparative, multicentre cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol. 4, e765–e774 (2022).", "volume": "4", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1093/ibd/izac064", "author": "FS Macaluso", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "217", "journal-title": "Inflamm. Bowel Dis.", "key": "844_CR58", "unstructured": "Macaluso, F. S. et al. Severe activity of inflammatory bowel disease is a risk factor for severe COVID-19. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 29, 217–221 (2023).", "volume": "29", "year": "2023" }, { "DOI": "10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab172", "author": "A Ricciuto", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "591", "journal-title": "J. Crohn’s. Colitis", "key": "844_CR59", "unstructured": "Ricciuto, A. et al. Inflammatory bowel disease clinical activity is associated with COVID-19 severity especially in younger patients. J. Crohn’s. Colitis 16, 591–600 (2022).", "volume": "16", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1111/ene.14990", "author": "I Moreno-Torres", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "3712", "journal-title": "Eur. J. Neurol.", "key": "844_CR60", "unstructured": "Moreno-Torres, I. et al. Risk and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis. Eur. J. Neurol. 28, 3712–3721 (2021).", "volume": "28", "year": "2021" }, { "author": "F Chaudhry", "first-page": "68", "journal-title": "J. Cell Immunol.", "key": "844_CR61", "unstructured": "Chaudhry, F., Jageka, C., Levy, P. D., Cerghet, M. & Lisak, R. P. Review of the COVID-19 risk in multiple sclerosis. J. Cell Immunol. 3, 68–77 (2021).", "volume": "3", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.msard.2022.104195", "author": "SA Bazzi", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord.", "key": "844_CR62", "unstructured": "Bazzi, S. A. et al. Longitudinal COVID-19 immune trajectories in patients with neurological autoimmunity on anti-CD20 therapy. Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord. 68, 104195 (2022).", "volume": "68", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1177/0148607191015002207", "author": "JP Doweiko", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "207", "journal-title": "JPEN J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr.", "key": "844_CR63", "unstructured": "Doweiko, J. P. & Nompleggi, D. J. Role of albumin in human physiology and pathophysiology. JPEN J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. 15, 207–211 (1991).", "volume": "15", "year": "1991" }, { "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMra1003327", "author": "K Berend", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1434", "journal-title": "N. Engl. J. Med", "key": "844_CR64", "unstructured": "Berend, K., de Vries, A. P. J. & Gans, R. O. B. Physiological approach to assessment of acid-base disturbances. N. Engl. J. Med. 371, 1434–1445 (2014).", "volume": "371", "year": "2014" }, { "DOI": "10.1159/000090185", "author": "C Haller", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "307", "journal-title": "Kidney Blood Press Res.", "key": "844_CR65", "unstructured": "Haller, C. Hypoalbuminemia in renal failure: pathogenesis and therapeutic considerations. Kidney Blood Press Res. 28, 307–310 (2005).", "volume": "28", "year": "2005" }, { "DOI": "10.1159/000479968", "author": "T Dhondup", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "136", "journal-title": "Kidney Dis. (Basel)", "key": "844_CR66", "unstructured": "Dhondup, T. & Qian, Q. Acid-base and electrolyte disorders in patients with and without chronic kidney disease: An update. Kidney Dis. (Basel) 3, 136–148 (2017).", "volume": "3", "year": "2017" }, { "DOI": "10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.08.028", "author": "JA Kraut", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "307", "journal-title": "Am. J. Kidney Dis.", "key": "844_CR67", "unstructured": "Kraut, J. A. & Madias, N. E. Metabolic acidosis of CKD: An update. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 67, 307–317 (2016).", "volume": "67", "year": "2016" }, { "DOI": "10.1007/s10741-015-9482-y", "author": "C Urso", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "493", "journal-title": "Heart Fail Rev.", "key": "844_CR68", "unstructured": "Urso, C., Brucculeri, S. & Caimi, G. Acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities in heart failure: pathophysiology and implications. Heart Fail Rev. 20, 493–503 (2015).", "volume": "20", "year": "2015" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104269", "author": "E Getzen", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "104269", "journal-title": "J. Biomed. Inf.", "key": "844_CR69", "unstructured": "Getzen, E., Ungar, L., Mowery, D., Jiang, X. & Long, Q. Mining for equitable health: Assessing the impact of missing data in electronic health records. J. Biomed. Inf. 139, 104269 (2023).", "volume": "139", "year": "2023" } ], "reference-count": 69, "references-count": 69, "relation": {}, "resource": { "primary": { "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s43856-025-00844-4" } }, "score": 1, "short-title": [], "source": "Crossref", "subject": [], "subtitle": [], "title": "Dissecting clinical features of COVID-19 in a cohort of 21,312 acute care patients", "type": "journal-article", "update-policy": "https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy", "volume": "5" }