Low vitamin K status is a potential risk factor for COVID-19 infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1476622", "ISSN": [ "2296-861X" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1476622", "abstract": "<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>To provide further data support for the treatment of COVID-19 by conducting a comprehensive analysis of reports on dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated Matrix Gla Protein (dp-ucMGP), which detects the functional vitamin K status post COVID-19 infection, using meta-analysis.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>This study conducted a comprehensive review and analysis of relevant research on dp-ucMGP detection in patients infected with COVID-19 through meta-analysis. The article collection period ranged from January 2024 to April 2024.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>A total of 6 articles were included in this study. Baseline data analysis showed that the age of patients in the COVID-19 infected group was greater than that of the non-infected control group (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.030); similarly, the age of patients in the severe infection group was also greater than that of the mild infection group (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.003). In the analysis of underlying diseases, statistical differences were found between the Severe group and Mild group in the presence of CVD (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.010). A total of 5 studies conducted dp-ucMGP detection in both the COVID-19 infected group and the control group. The results showed that the expression of dp-ucMGP was higher in the infected group than in the control group (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the expression of dp-ucMGP in the severe infection group was also higher than that in the mild infection group (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>COVID-19 infected patients exhibit Low Vitamin K Status, which correlates positively with the severity of infection. Supplementation of vitamin K during COVID-19 infection may potentially mitigate the progression toward severe infection, necessitating further support from clinical data.</jats:p></jats:sec>", "alternative-id": [ "10.3389/fnut.2025.1476622" ], "author": [ { "affiliation": [], "family": "Liu", "given": "Wei", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Liu", "given": "Xin", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Kang", "given": "Shiwei", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Yuan", "given": "Yadong", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "Frontiers in Nutrition", "container-title-short": "Front. Nutr.", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": true, "domain": [ "frontiersin.org" ] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 7 ] ], "date-time": "2025-04-07T04:10:32Z", "timestamp": 1743999032000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 7 ] ], "date-time": "2025-04-07T04:10:51Z", "timestamp": 1743999051000 }, "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 7 ] ], "date-time": "2025-04-07T04:40:06Z", "timestamp": 1744000806045, "version": "3.40.3" }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 7 ] ] }, "license": [ { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "content-version": "vor", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 7 ] ], "date-time": "2025-04-07T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1743984000000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1476622/full", "content-type": "unspecified", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "1965", 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