Vitamin A in children’s pneumonia for a COVID-19 perspective: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 trials
Master a , Ruoxi Li, Wenli Zhao, PhD Hongwu Wang, Master d Maeda Toshiyoshi, PhD, MD, MBA Ye Zhao, PhD Huaien Bu
Medicine, doi:10.1097/md.0000000000031289
Background: To systematically review and meta-analyze the efficacy of vitamin A as an adjuvant therapy for pneumonia in children. Methods: We searched in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Database and Chongqing VIP information network from libraries building to March 2022, screening randomized controlled trials (RCT) about vitamin A combined with conventional therapy for pneumonia in children. Two researchers used the Cochrane risk of bias tool to assess the quality of included studies dependently. Data analysis was conducted in the RevMan 5.3. Results: 15 trials involving 3496 patients (treated group: 1898; control group: 1598) were analyzed in this study. The Meta-analysis showed that vitamin A combined with conventional therapy improved clinical efficacy (P < .05), shortened the duration of fever and cough, negative time of chest X-ray, and the hospitalization, lung rale disappearance, choking milk disappearance, shortness of breath disappearance and perilabial cyanosis disappearance (P < .05). However, vitamin A combined with conventional therapy did not reduce the mortality of pneumonia in children (P > .05).
Conclusion: Vitamin A contributes to relieve the clinical symptoms and signs, and also shorten the hospitalization.
Table 2 The assessment of quality of included studies.
Random sequence generation Allocation concealment Binding of participants and personnel
Binding of outcome assessment Incomplete outcome
Selective reporting Other bias "+" = low risk, "?" = unclear, "-" = high risk.
Li et al. • Medicine (2022) Medicine vitamin as an adjuvant therapy for pneumonia in children is worth promoted.
Perspective High morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 makes it as an urgent global health issue. Vitamin A is believed to form the first line of defense against pathogens by playing a role in stratification, keratinization, differentiation and functional maturation. It participates in the formation of healthy mucinous layer and enhances antigen-specific immune function. RA, the active form of vitamin A, regulates the innate immune system. [42] Research has shown that VAD can reduce the body's resistance to COVID-19 virus infection. [43] It plays an important role in the recovery of lung tissue after injury. Bioinformatics identifies possible targets, therapeutic pathways and pharmacological functions for vitamin A against COVID-19 infection. [44] Vitamin A might treat the COVID-19 in terms of immunomodulatory, antiviral, associated cellular protection, and anti-inflammatory effects.
Conclusion Vitamin A contributes to relieve the clinical symptoms and signs, and shorten the hospitalization.
Author contributions All authors contributed to the design..
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