Outcomes of 3,737 COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin and other regimens in Marseille, France: A retrospective analysis

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 4, 1]], 'date-time': '2024-04-01T13:56:35Z', 'timestamp': 1711979795715}, 'reference-count': 37, 'publisher': 'Elsevier BV', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 7, 1]], 'date-time': '2020-07-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1593561600000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 6, 25]], 'date-time': '2020-06-25T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1593043200000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/'}], 'funder': [ {'DOI': '10.13039/501100001665', 'name': 'ANR', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher'}, {'name': 'Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur'}, {'name': 'Mediterranean Infection Foundation'}], 'content-domain': { 'domain': [ 'clinicalkey.jp', 'clinicalkey.com', 'clinicalkey.es', 'clinicalkey.fr', 'clinicalkey.com.au', 'elsevier.com', 'sciencedirect.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2020, 7]]}, 'DOI': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2020, 6, 25]], 'date-time': '2020-06-25T06:09:22Z', 'timestamp': 1593065362000}, 'page': '101791', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 194, 'title': 'Outcomes of 3,737 COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin and other ' 'regimens in Marseille, France: A retrospective analysis', 'prefix': '10.1016', 'volume': '36', 'author': [ {'given': 'Jean-Christophe', 'family': 'Lagier', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Matthieu', 'family': 'Million', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Philippe', 'family': 'Gautret', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Philippe', 'family': 'Colson', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Sébastien', 'family': 'Cortaredona', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Audrey', 'family': 'Giraud-Gatineau', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Stéphane', 'family': 'Honoré', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Jean-Yves', 'family': 'Gaubert', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Pierre-Edouard', 'family': 'Fournier', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Hervé', 'family': 'Tissot-Dupont', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Eric', 'family': 'Chabrière', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Andreas', 'family': 'Stein', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Jean-Claude', 'family': 'Deharo', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Florence', 'family': 'Fenollar', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Jean-Marc', 'family': 'Rolain', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Yolande', 'family': 'Obadia', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Alexis', 'family': 'Jacquier', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Bernard', 'family': 'La Scola', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Philippe', 'family': 'Brouqui', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Michel', 'family': 'Drancourt', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Philippe', 'family': 'Parola', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Didier', 'family': 'Raoult', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Sophie', 'family': 'Amrane', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Camille', 'family': 'Aubry', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Matthieu', 'family': 'Bardou', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Cyril', 'family': 'Berenger', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Laurence', 'family': 'Camoin-Jau', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Nadim', 'family': 'Cassir', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Claire', 'family': 'Decoster', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Catherine', 'family': 'Dhiver', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Barbara', 'family': 'Doudier', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Sophie', 'family': 'Edouard', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Stéphanie', 'family': 'Gentile', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Katell', 'family': 'Guillon-Lorvellec', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Marie', 'family': 'Hocquart', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Anthony', 'family': 'Levasseur', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Morgane', 'family': 'Mailhe', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Isabelle', 'family': 'Ravaux', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Magali', 'family': 'Richez', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Yanis', 'family': 'Roussel', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Piseth', 'family': 'Seng', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Christelle', 'family': 'Tomei', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Christine', 'family': 'Zandotti', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '78', 'reference': [ { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1054', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3', 'article-title': 'Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with ' 'COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study', 'volume': '395', 'author': 'Zhou', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, {'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib2', 'author': 'Johns Hopkins University'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '269', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0', 'article-title': 'Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged ' 'novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro', 'volume': '30', 'author': 'Wang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cell Res'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '72', 'DOI': '10.5582/bst.2020.01047', 'article-title': 'Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in ' 'treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Gao', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Biosci Trends'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '104228', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104228', 'article-title': 'In vitro testing of combined hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin on ' 'SARS-CoV-2 shows synergistic effect', 'author': 'Andreani', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Microb Pathog'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '105949', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949', 'article-title': 'Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results ' 'of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial', 'author': 'Gautret', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Antimicrob Agents'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '101663', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101663', 'article-title': 'Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of ' 'hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at ' 'least a six-day follow up: an observational study', 'author': 'Gautret', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Trav Med Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '101738', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101738', 'article-title': 'Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and ' 'azithromycin: a retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille, ' 'France', 'author': 'Million', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Trav Med Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1038/d41586-020-01695-w', 'article-title': 'High-profile coronavirus retractions raise concerns about data ' 'oversight', 'author': 'Ledford', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nature'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100709', 'article-title': 'Clinical efficacy of chloroquine derivatives in COVID-19 infection : ' 'comparative meta-analysis between the big data and the real world', 'author': 'Million', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'New Microbes New Infect'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib11', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1787', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2001282', 'article-title': 'A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe ' 'covid-19', 'volume': '382', 'author': 'Cao', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'issue': '10236', 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1569', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31022-9', 'article-title': 'Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, ' 'placebo-controlled, multicentre trial', 'volume': '395', 'author': 'Wang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib13', 'first-page': '1', 'article-title': 'Low dose of hydroxychloroquine reduces fatality of critically ill ' 'patients with COVID-19', 'author': 'Yu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Sci China Life Sci.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2007764', 'article-title': 'Remdesivir for the treatment of covid-19 - preliminary report', 'author': 'Beigel', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, {'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib15', 'author': 'Chen'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '322', 'DOI': '10.1093/jmcb/mjaa014', 'article-title': 'Treating COVID-19 with chloroquine', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Huang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Mol Cell Biol'}, { 'issue': '25', 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2411', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2012410', 'article-title': 'Observational study of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with ' 'covid-19', 'volume': '382', 'author': 'Geleris', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '357', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00134-020-05954-2', 'article-title': 'Novel coronavirus infection during the 2019-2020 epidemic: preparing ' 'intensive care units-the experience in Sichuan Province, China', 'volume': '46', 'author': 'Liao', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Intensive Care Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '166', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.011', 'article-title': 'Simultaneous UHPLC-UV analysis of hydroxychloroquine, minocycline and ' 'doxycycline from serum samples for the therapeutic drug monitoring of Q ' "fever and Whipple's disease", 'volume': '1060', 'author': 'Armstrong', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib20', 'article-title': 'Evaluating the serological status of COVID-19 patients using an ' 'indirect immunofluorescent assay, France', 'author': 'Edouard', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'medRxiv'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1245', 'DOI': '10.1016/0895-4356(94)90129-5', 'article-title': 'Validation of a combined comorbidity index', 'volume': '47', 'author': 'Charlson', 'year': '1994', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Epidemiol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib23', 'article-title': 'Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to ' 'COVID-19 in Italy', 'volume': '23', 'author': 'Onder', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'issue': '20', 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib24', 'first-page': '30280', 'article-title': 'Making decisions to mitigate COVID-19 with limited knowledge', 'author': 'Zhang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Infect Dis'}, { 'issue': '6490', 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '455', 'DOI': '10.1126/science.368.6490.455', 'article-title': "The mystery of the pandemic's 'happy hypoxia", 'volume': '368', 'author': 'Couzin-Frankel', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Science'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib27', 'article-title': 'Hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin: a potential interest in reducing ' 'in-hospital morbidity due to COVID-19 pneumonia (HI-ZY-COVID)?', 'author': 'Davido', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'medRxiv'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib28', 'article-title': 'Clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with covid-19 ' 'pneumonia who require oxygen: observational comparative study using ' 'routine care data', 'volume': '369', 'author': 'Mahévas', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'BMJ'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '38', 'DOI': '10.1093/infdis/jiaa228', 'article-title': 'Effect of convalescent plasma therapy on viral shedding and survival in ' 'COVID-19 patients', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'Zeng', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Infect Dis'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '52', 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciy860', 'article-title': 'Early oseltamivir after hospital admission is associated with shortened ' 'hospitalization: a 5-year analysis of oseltamivir timing and clinical ' 'outcomes', 'volume': '69', 'author': 'Katzen', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib31', 'article-title': 'Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin plus zinc vs hydroxychloroquine and ' 'azithromycin alone: outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients', 'author': 'Carlucci', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'medRxiv'}, { 'issue': '24', 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib32', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2493', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.8630', 'article-title': 'Association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine or azithromycin with ' 'in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 in New York state', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'Rosenberg', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib33', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1111/jth.14888', 'article-title': 'Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with ' 'COVID-19', 'author': 'Middeldorp', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Thromb Haemostasis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib34', 'article-title': 'Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, ' 'China', 'author': 'Qin', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib35', 'first-page': 'E040', 'article-title': '[Comparison of clinical and pathological features between severe acute ' 'respiratory syndrome and coronavirus disease 2019]', 'volume': '43', 'author': 'Zhang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Zhonghua Jiehe He Huxi Zazhi'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib36', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1093/aje/kwaa093', 'article-title': 'Early outpatient treatment of symptomatic, high-risk covid-19 patients ' 'that should be ramped-up immediately as Key to the pandemic crisis', 'author': 'Risch', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Am J Epidemiol'}, { 'issue': '25', 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib37', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1887', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJM200006223422507', 'article-title': 'Randomized, controlled trials, observational studies, and the hierarchy ' 'of research designs', 'volume': '342', 'author': 'Concato', 'year': '2000', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib38', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '465', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMra1614394', 'article-title': 'Evidence of health decision making-beyond randomized controlled trials', 'volume': '377', 'author': 'Frieden', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791_bib39', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100714', 'article-title': 'Nullane salus extra ecclesiam', 'author': 'Gautret', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'New Microbes New Infect'}], 'container-title': 'Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1477893920302817?httpAccept=text/xml', 'content-type': 'text/xml', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1477893920302817?httpAccept=text/plain', 'content-type': 'text/plain', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 21]], 'date-time': '2021-03-21T18:16:50Z', 'timestamp': 1616350610000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1477893920302817'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2020, 7]]}, 'references-count': 37, 'alternative-id': ['S1477893920302817'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['1477-8939'], 'subject': ['Infectious Diseases', 'Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health'], 'container-title-short': 'Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2020, 7]]}, 'assertion': [ {'value': 'Elsevier', 'name': 'publisher', 'label': 'This article is maintained by'}, { 'value': 'Outcomes of 3,737 COVID-19 patients treated with ' 'hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin and other regimens in Marseille, France: A ' 'retrospective analysis', 'name': 'articletitle', 'label': 'Article Title'}, { 'value': 'Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease', 'name': 'journaltitle', 'label': 'Journal Title'}, { 'value': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791', 'name': 'articlelink', 'label': 'CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version'}, {'value': 'article', 'name': 'content_type', 'label': 'Content Type'}, { 'value': '© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.', 'name': 'copyright', 'label': 'Copyright'}], 'article-number': '101791'}