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0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ Case 25% Improvement Relative Risk Exercise  Kunutsor et al.  Prophylaxis Does physical activity reduce risk for pneumonia? Prospective study of 2,275 patients in Finland Fewer cases with higher activity levels (p=0.0049) c19early.org Kunutsor et al., European J. Clinical .., Jan 2021 Favors exercise Favors inactivity

High fitness levels, frequent sauna bathing and risk of pneumonia in a cohort study: Are there potential implications for COVID‐19?

Kunutsor et al., European Journal of Clinical Investigation, doi:10.1111/eci.13490
Jan 2021  
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Exercise for COVID-19
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*, now known with p < 0.00000000001 from 66 studies.
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Prospective study of 2,275 middle-aged Finnish men showing significantly lower risk of future pneumonia with a combination of high cardiorespiratory fitness and frequent sauna bathing compared to each exposure alone. High cardiorespiratory fitness and frequent sauna bathing (2-7 sessions per week) were each independently associated with lower pneumonia risk after adjusting for potential confounders.
Study covers thermotherapy and exercise.
risk of case, 25.0% lower, RR 0.75, p = 0.005, high activity levels 227 of 1,137 (20.0%), low activity levels 302 of 1,138 (26.5%), NNT 15, adjusted per study, multivariable, model 3.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Kunutsor et al., 22 Jan 2021, prospective, Finland, peer-reviewed, 2 authors. Contact: skk31@cantab.net.
This PaperExerciseAll
High fitness levels, frequent sauna bathing and risk of pneumonia in a cohort study: Are there potential implications for COVID‐19?
Setor K Kunutsor, Jari A Laukkanen
European Journal of Clinical Investigation, doi:10.1111/eci.13490
Pneumonia infection is the result of a complex inflammatory process where the lower respiratory tract suffers the invasion of an infective microorganism (viruses or bacteria). Major risk factors that predispose to pneumonia include smoking, obesity, underweight, excessive alcohol consumption and comorbid conditions such as asthma,
CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS SKK contributed to study design, data analysis and interpretation, drafting manuscript, and revising manuscript content and approving the final version of the manuscript; JAL contributed to study design and conduct, responsibility for the patients and data collection, and revising manuscript content and approving the final version of the manuscript. SUPPORTING INFORMATION Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section. How to cite this article: Kunutsor SK, Laukkanen JA. High fitness levels, frequent sauna bathing and risk of pneumonia in a cohort study: Are there potential implications for COVID-19?. Eur J Clin Invest. 2021;51:e13490. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13490
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