Clinical, regional, and genetic characteristics of Covid-19 patients from UK Biobank
397,064 patient UK Biobank retrospective showing higher risk of COVID-19 with metformin use, without statistical significance.
Kolin et al., 17 Nov 2020, retrospective, United Kingdom, peer-reviewed, 4 authors.
Contact:
dak4001@med.cornell.edu.
Abstract: PLOS ONE
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Clinical, regional, and genetic characteristics
of Covid-19 patients from UK Biobank
David A. Kolin ID1,2☯*, Scott Kulm1,2☯, Paul J. Christos3, Olivier Elemento1,2
1 The Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision
Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America, 2 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill
Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America, 3 Department of Population Health Sciences,
Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
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OPEN ACCESS
Citation: Kolin DA, Kulm S, Christos PJ, Elemento
O (2020) Clinical, regional, and genetic
characteristics of Covid-19 patients from UK
Biobank. PLoS ONE 15(11): e0241264. https://doi.
org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241264
Editor: Sreeram V. Ramagopalan, University of
Oxford, UNITED KINGDOM
Received: August 6, 2020
Accepted: October 12, 2020
Published: November 17, 2020
Copyright: © 2020 Kolin et al. This is an open
access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original
author and source are credited.
Data Availability Statement: All data used for this
study were obtained from the UK Biobank. Data
requests may be sent via https://urldefense.
proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.
ukbiobank.ac.uk_principles-2Dof-2Daccess_&d=
DwIGaQ&c=lb62iw4YL4RFalcE2hQUQealT9RXrryqt9KZX2qu2s&r=emeY7OEhMRMUYvaB
lIQYiCIjDZ1mhvSZ60GkRC5Srzc&m=cJaZ7BOL3FOaMbcCRxa9NVCPhPzFwQdIYYHV3RjnZ8&s=
EZ8e5hVazSLARKaJF7NIdwBPJcKfRn9SlngrTOU8
TKw&e=. The authors of the present study had no
special access privileges in accessing these
☯ These authors contributed equally to this work.
* dak4001@med.cornell.edu
Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has rapidly infected millions of people worldwide.
Recent studies suggest that racial minorities and patients with comorbidities are at higher
risk of Covid-19. In this study, we analyzed the effects of clinical, regional, and genetic factors on Covid-19 positive status.
Methods
The UK Biobank is a longitudinal cohort study that recruited participants from 2006 to 2010
from throughout the United Kingdom. Covid-19 test results were provided to UK Biobank
starting on March 16, 2020. The main outcome measure in this study was Covid-19 positive
status, determined by the presence of any positive test for a single individual. Clinical risk
factors were derived from UK Biobank at baseline, and regional risk factors were imputed
using census features local to each participant’s home zone. We used robust adjusted Poisson regression with clustering by testing laboratory to estimate relative risk. Blood types
were derived using genetic variants rs8176719 and rs8176746, and genomewide tests of
association were conducted using logistic-Firth hybrid regression.
Results
This prospective cohort study included 397,064 UK Biobank participants, of whom 968
tested positive for Covid-19. The unadjusted relative risk of Covid-19 for Black participants
was 3.66 (95% CI 2.83–4.74), compared to White participants. Adjusting for Townsend deprivation index alone reduced the relative risk to 2.44 (95% CI 1.86–3.20). Comorbidities that
significantly increased Covid-19 risk included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(adjusted relative risk [ARR] 1.64, 95% CI 1.18–2.27), ischemic heart..
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