Abstract: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Comparing Serum Levels of Vitamin D and Zinc in Novel Coronavirus–Infected Patients and Healthy Individuals in Northeastern Iran, 2020 Seyed Javad Hosseini, MSc,* Bagher Moradi, PhD,† Mahmood Marhemati, MSc,* Ali Asghar Firouzian, MSc,* Eshagh Ildarabadi, PhD,* Ali Abedi, MSc,* and Mahbobeh Firooz, MSc* Background: COVID-19 infection has recently become a pandemic disease around the world, and its risk factors have not fully evaluated. This study aimed to compare the serum vitamin D (Vit D) and zinc levels in patients infected with novel coronavirus and healthy volunteers (HVs). Methods: This was a single-center, cross-sectional study conducted on 56 patients (32 severe cases and 24 nonsevere) admitted to the COVID-19 ward and 46 HVs living in Esfarayen City, North Khorasan Province of Iran. Serum levels of Vit D and zinc in admitted patients to the COVID-19 ward and HVs were measured. Results: The average levels of serum Vit D in severe cases, nonsevere cases, and HVs were 31.03 ± 15.49, 37.25 ± 18.49, and 39.33 ± 14.83, respectively (P = 0.05). Moreover, the average concentrations of serum zinc in severe cases, nonsevere cases, and HVs were 31.03 ± 15.49, 37.25 ± 18.49, and 39.33 ± 14.83, respectively (P = 0.01). Mortality rate, reinfection (for 5 months), and length of hospital stay in severe cases were higher than in nonsevere cases (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Results showed that severe cases had lower levels of Vit D than did other groups and were marginally significant. Also, severe cases had a significantly low level of zinc when compared with nonsevere cases and HVs. Levels of Vit D and zinc can affect the incidence of COVID-19 infection. Key Words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, novel coronaviruses, vitamin D, zinc (Infect Dis Clin Pract 2021;29: e390–e394) C OVID-19 infection is considered a pandemic and causes the death of many people in the world (1,204,028 deaths until the third of November 2020).1 It can cause severe lower respiratory symptoms.2 This virus can be transmitted from person-to-person through droplets, airborne, and contact with surfaces contaminated by viruses.3 After being transmitted into the human body, it binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and induces internalization of the complex by the host cell. The enzyme is highly expressed in the From the Departments of *Nursing and †Microbiology, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran. Correspondence to: Mahbobeh Firooz, MSc, Department of Nursing, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St, Esfarayen City, North Khorasan Province 96618-76981, Iran. E‐mail: mahbobehfirooz@gmail.com. Author Contributions: S.J.H.: conceptualization and design, writing the original draft and data analysis, sample collection; M.F.: conceptualization and design, writing the original draft; B.M.: conceptualization and design, manuscript editing; M.M.: sample collection; A.A.F.: data collection; E.I.: manuscript editing; A.A.: manuscript editing. This study was supported by a grant from the Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Ethical Approval: The Research and Ethics Committee of the Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences (IR.ESFARAYENUMS.REC.1398.018) approved this study. Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1056-9103 e390 www.infectdis.com lung, heart, ileum, kidney, and bladder, and therefore, these tissues are susceptible to novel coronavirus..