Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Results
Abstract
All zinc studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchZincZinc (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis    Recent:   

Zinc deficiency is a potential risk factor for COVID-19 progression to pneumonia requiring oxygen therapy

Fujita et al., Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007
Mar 2024  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Oxygen therapy 86% Improvement Relative Risk Zinc for COVID-19  Fujita et al.  Sufficiency Are zinc levels associated with COVID-19 outcomes? Retrospective study in Japan (March 2020 - April 2021) Lower need for oxygen therapy with higher zinc levels (p=0.0074) c19early.org Fujita et al., J. Infection and Chemot.., Mar 2024 Favorszinc Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
Zinc for COVID-19
2nd treatment shown to reduce risk in July 2020
 
*, now with p = 0.00000064 from 45 studies, recognized in 17 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments. * >10% efficacy, ≥3 studies.
4,500+ studies for 81 treatments. c19early.org
Retrospective 60 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Japan showing higher risk of progression to pneumonia requiring oxygen therapy with zinc deficiency at the time of diagnosis.
risk of oxygen therapy, 86.3% lower, OR 0.14, p = 0.007, cutoff 60μg/dL, adjusted per study, inverted to make OR<1 favor high zinc levels (≥60μg/dL), multivariable, RR approximated with OR.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Fujita et al., 8 Mar 2024, retrospective, Japan, peer-reviewed, 6 authors, study period 31 March, 2020 - 30 April, 2021.
This PaperZincAll
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 9]], 'date-time': '2024-03-09T00:37:12Z', 'timestamp': 1709944632425}, 'reference-count': 28, 'publisher': 'Elsevier BV', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 1]], 'date-time': '2024-03-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1709251200000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/'}], 'content-domain': { 'domain': [ 'clinicalkey.fr', 'clinicalkey.jp', 'clinicalkey.es', 'clinicalkey.com.au', 'jiac-j.com', 'clinicalkey.com', 'elsevier.com', 'sciencedirect.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2024, 3]]}, 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 8]], 'date-time': '2024-03-08T00:12:36Z', 'timestamp': 1709856756000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 825045808, 'title': 'Zinc deficiency is a potential risk factor for COVID-19 progression to pneumonia requiring ' 'oxygen therapy', 'prefix': '10.1016', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0009-0007-4588-4603', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Koji', 'family': 'Fujita', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Kazuki', 'family': 'Ocho', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Tomoka', 'family': 'Kadowaki', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Takashi', 'family': 'Yorifuji', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5086-1891', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Hideharu', 'family': 'Hagiya', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7014-9095', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Fumio', 'family': 'Otsuka', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '78', 'reference': [ { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '149', 'DOI': '10.52586/4931', 'article-title': 'A detailed review of the outbreak of COVID-19', 'volume': '26', 'author': 'Das', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Front Biosci'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '141', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7', 'article-title': 'Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19', 'volume': '19', 'author': 'Hu', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Nat Rev Microbiol'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '90', 'DOI': '10.1007/s12016-022-08921-5', 'article-title': 'Risk and protective factors for COVID-19 morbidity, severity, and ' 'mortality', 'volume': '64', 'author': 'Zhang', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Clin Rev Allergy Immunol'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.28231', 'article-title': 'Global case fatality rate from COVID-19 has decreased by 96.8% during ' '2.5 years of the pandemic', 'volume': '95', 'author': 'Horita', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'J Med Virol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib5', 'unstructured': 'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Underlying Medical ' 'Conditions Associated with Higher Risk for Severe COVID-19: Information ' 'for Healthcare Professionals, [Internet]. [cited 2023 Dec 3]. Available ' 'from: ' 'https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-care/underlyingconditions.html.'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '107', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmjebm-2020-111536', 'article-title': 'Biomarkers and outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalisations: systematic review ' 'and meta-analysis', 'volume': '26', 'author': 'Malik', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'BMJ Evid Based Med'}, { 'issue': '2 Suppl', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '447S', 'DOI': '10.1093/ajcn/68.2.447S', 'article-title': 'Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to ' 'infection', 'volume': '68', 'author': 'Shankar', 'year': '1998', 'journal-title': 'Am J Clin Nutr'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '11', 'DOI': '10.1007/s10787-017-0309-4', 'article-title': 'Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of zinc. Zinc-dependent NF-κB ' 'signaling', 'volume': '25', 'author': 'Jarosz', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Inflammopharmacology'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '857', 'DOI': '10.1111/crj.12646', 'article-title': 'Efficacy of zinc given as an adjunct to the treatment of severe ' 'pneumonia: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind and ' 'placebo-controlled trials', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Wang', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Clin Res J'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib10', 'first-page': '17', 'article-title': 'Zinc and respiratory tract infections: perspectives for COVID-19', 'volume': '46', 'author': 'Skalny', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Mol Med'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib11', 'first-page': '12', 'article-title': 'Strengthening the immune system and reducing inflammation and oxidative ' 'stress through diet and nutrition: considerations during the COVID-19 ' 'crisis', 'author': 'Iddir', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib12', 'first-page': '21', 'article-title': "Japan's practical guidelines for zinc deficiency with a particular " 'focus on taste disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, and liver ' 'cirrhosis', 'author': 'Kodama', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Mol Sci'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib13', 'unstructured': 'Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan. A Guide on Clinical ' 'Management of Patients with COVID-19 for Front-line Healthcare Workers ' 'version 10.0. , https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/001136687.pdf [accessed ' '21 August 2023]..'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2021.741061', 'article-title': 'Novel systemic inflammation markers to predict COVID-19 prognosis', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Karimi', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Front Immunol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib15', 'unstructured': 'Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan. Visualizing the data: ' 'information on COVID-19 infections [Internet]. [cited 2023 Dec 3]. ' 'Available from:: https://covid19.mhlw.go.jp/en/.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '343', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.014', 'article-title': 'COVID-19: poor outcomes in patients with zinc deficiency', 'volume': '100', 'author': 'Jothimani', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Infect Dis'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '253', 'DOI': '10.3164/jcbn.19-99', 'article-title': 'The association between serum zinc levels and subjective symptoms in ' 'zinc deficiency patients with chronic liver disease', 'volume': '66', 'author': 'Ozeki', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Biochem Nutr'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2062', 'DOI': '10.3390/jcm12052062', 'article-title': 'Symptomatic characteristics of hypozincemia detected in long COVID ' 'patients', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Matsuda', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Med'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '425', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jmii.2020.04.015', 'article-title': 'ACE2 receptor polymorphism: susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, hypertension, ' 'multi-organ failure, and COVID-19 disease outcome', 'volume': '53', 'author': 'Devaux', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Microbiol Immunol Infect'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '45', 'DOI': '10.1186/s40249-020-00662-x', 'article-title': 'Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety ' 'of human tissues', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Li', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Infect Dis Poverty'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '696', 'DOI': '10.1093/advances/nmz013', 'article-title': 'The role of zinc in antiviral immunity', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Read', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Adv Nutr'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu10111620', 'article-title': 'Factors attenuating zinc deficiency improvement in direct-acting ' 'antiviral agent-treated chronic hepatitis C virus infection', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Ko', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1712', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2020.01712', 'article-title': 'The potential impact of zinc supplementation on COVID-19 pathogenesis', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Wessels', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Front Immunol'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0369', 'article-title': 'Effect of high-dose zinc and ascorbic acid supplementation vs usual ' 'care on symptom length and reduction among ambulatory patients with ' 'SARS-CoV-2 infection: the COVID A to Z randomized clinical trial', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'Thomas', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'JAMA Netw Open'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '70', 'DOI': '10.1186/s40001-022-00694-z', 'article-title': 'Zinc supplementation and COVID-19 mortality: a meta-analysis', 'volume': '27', 'author': 'Tabatabaeizadeh', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Eur J Med Res'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '382', 'DOI': '10.1093/nutrit/nuaa067', 'article-title': 'Dietary recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic', 'volume': '79', 'author': 'de Faria Coelho-Ravagnani', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Nutr Rev'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib27', 'article-title': 'Zinc deficiency enhances sensitivity to influenza A associated ' 'bacterial pneumonia in mice', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Gopal', 'year': '2024', 'journal-title': 'Phys Rep'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007_bib28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2556', 'DOI': '10.1007/s12011-021-02859-z', 'article-title': 'Zinc and respiratory viral infections: important trace element in ' 'anti-viral response and immune regulation', 'volume': '200', 'author': 'Sadeghsoltani', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Biol Trace Elem Res'}], 'container-title': 'Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1341321X24000825?httpAccept=text/xml', 'content-type': 'text/xml', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1341321X24000825?httpAccept=text/plain', 'content-type': 'text/plain', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 8]], 'date-time': '2024-03-08T00:12:52Z', 'timestamp': 1709856772000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1341321X24000825'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2024, 3]]}, 'references-count': 28, 'alternative-id': ['S1341321X24000825'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['1341-321X'], 'subject': ['Infectious Diseases', 'Pharmacology (medical)', 'Microbiology (medical)'], 'container-title-short': 'Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2024, 3]]}, 'assertion': [ {'value': 'Elsevier', 'name': 'publisher', 'label': 'This article is maintained by'}, { 'value': 'Zinc deficiency is a potential risk factor for COVID-19 progression to ' 'pneumonia requiring oxygen therapy', 'name': 'articletitle', 'label': 'Article Title'}, { 'value': 'Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy', 'name': 'journaltitle', 'label': 'Journal Title'}, { 'value': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.007', 'name': 'articlelink', 'label': 'CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version'}, {'value': 'article', 'name': 'content_type', 'label': 'Content Type'}, { 'value': '© 2024 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy, Japanese Association for Infectious ' 'Diseases, and Japanese Society for Infection Prevention and Control. Published ' 'by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.', 'name': 'copyright', 'label': 'Copyright'}]}
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit