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Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to zinc and function of the immune system (ID 291, 1757), DNA synthesis and cell division (ID 292, 1759), protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 294, 1758), maintenance of bone (ID 295, 1756), cognitive function (ID 296), fertility and reproduction (ID 297, 300), reproductive development (ID 298), muscle function (ID 299), metabolism of fatty acids (ID 302), maintenance of joints (ID 305), function of the heart and blood vessels (ID 306), prostate function (ID 307), thyroid function (ID 308), acid-base metabolism (ID 360), vitamin A metabolism (ID 361) and maintenance of vision (ID 361) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

EFSA, EFSA Journal, doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1229
Oct 2009  
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Zinc for COVID-19
2nd treatment shown to reduce risk in July 2020, now with p = 0.00000032 from 46 studies, recognized in 17 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 112 treatments. c19early.org
European Food Safety Administration review concluding that there is a causal relationship between the intake of zinc and immune system function.
EFSA et al., 1 Oct 2009, peer-reviewed, 18 authors.
This PaperZincAll
Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to zinc and function of the immune system (ID 291, 1757), DNA synthesis and cell division (ID 292, 1759), protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 294, 1758), mainte
Jean-Louis Bresson, Albert Flynn, Marina Heinonen, Karin Hulshof, Hannu Korhonen, Pagona Lagiou, Martinus Løvik, Rosangela Marchelli, Ambroise Martin, Bevan Moseley, Hildegard Przyrembel, Seppo Salminen, J J ) Strain, Stephan Strobel, Inge Tetens, Henk Van Den Berg, Hendrik Van Loveren, Hans Verhagen
EFSA Journal, doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1229
function of the heart and blood vessels (ID 306), prostate function (ID 307), thyroid function (ID 308), acid-base metabolism (ID
Conditions and possible restrictions of use In order to bear the claim a food should be at least a source of zinc as per Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1924 No /2006 . The target population is the general population. Such amounts can be easily consumed as part of a balanced diet. APPENDICES APPENDIX A BACKGROUND AND TERMS OF REFERENCE AS PROVIDED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION The Regulation 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods 6 (hereinafter "the Regulation") entered into force on 19 th January 2007. Article 13 of the Regulation foresees that the Commission shall adopt a Community list of permitted health claims other than those referring to the reduction of disease risk and to children's development and health. This Community list shall be adopted through the Regulatory Committee procedure and following consultation of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Health claims are defined as "any claim that states, suggests or implies that a relationship exists between a food category, a food or one of its constituents and health". In accordance with Article 13 (1) health claims other than those referring to the reduction of disease risk and to children's development and health are health claims describing or referring to: a) the role of a nutrient or other substance in growth, development and the functions of the body; or b) psychological and behavioural functions; or c) without prejudice to Directive 96/8/EC, slimming or weight-control or..
References
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Dore-Duffy, Peterson, Catalanotto, Marlow, Ho et al., Zinc profiles in rheumatoid arthritis, Clin Exp Rheumatol
Elmstahl, Gullberg, Janzon, Johnell, Elmstahl, Increased incidence of fractures in middle-aged and elderly men with low intakes of phosphorus and zinc, Osteoporos Int
Evans, Overton, Alshingiti, Levenson, Regulation of metabolic rate and substrate utilization by zinc deficiency, Metabolism
Freake, Govoni, Guda, Huang, Zinn, Actions and interactions of thyroid hormone and zinc status in growing rats, J Nutr
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Frederickson, Suh, Silva, Thompson, Importance of zinc in the central nervous system: the zinc-containing neuron, J Nutr
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Grennan, Knudson, Dunckley, Mackinnon, Myers et al., Serum copper and zinc in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, N Z Med J
Gupta, Verma, Garg, Effect of experimental zinc deficiency on thyroid gland in guinea-pigs, Ann Nutr Metab
Haugen, Hoyeraal, Larsen, Gilboe, Trygg, Nutrient intake and nutritional status in children with juvenile chronic arthritis, Scand J Rheumatol
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Maylor, Simpson, Secker, Meunier, Andriollo-Sanchez et al., Effects of zinc supplementation on cognitive function in healthy middle-aged and older adults: the ZENITH study, British Journal of Nutrition
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Morrison, Russell, Carney, Oaks, Zinc deficiency: a cause of abnormal dark adaptation in cirrhotics, Am J Clin Nutr
Naveh, Schapira, Ravel, Geller, Scharf, Zinc metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis: plasma and urinary zinc and relationship to disease activity, EFSA Journal
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Singh, Niaz, Rastogi, Bajaj, Gaoli et al., Current zinc intake and risk of diabetes and coronary artery disease and factors associated with insulin resistance in rural and urban populations of North India, J Am Coll Nutr
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Ugarte, Osborne, Zinc in the retina, Prog Neurobiol
Van Loan, Sutherland, Lowe, Turnlund, King, The effects of zinc depletion on peak force and total work of knee and shoulder extensor and flexor muscles, Int J Sport Nutr
Wada, King, Effect of low zinc intakes on basal metabolic rate, thyroid hormones and protein utilization in adult men, J Nutr
Zoli, Altomonte, Caricchio, Galossi, Mirone et al., Serum zinc and copper in active rheumatoid arthritis: correlation with interleukin 1 beta and tumour necrosis factor alpha, Clin Rheumatol
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Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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